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Billing code 23107: Shoulder arthrotomyMedicare rate & RVUs

Open glenohumeral joint exploration covers surgical inspection, drainage, or foreign-body removal when the shoulder joint requires direct operative access.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026109 payment localities145 Medicare services in 2024

Medicare pays $626.27 for 23107 nationally in a facility.

Medicare rate · 23107

Shoulder arthrotomy

Swap in your local Medicare rate.

Work RVUs
8.65
Total RVUs
18.75
Global days
090

National rate · 2026

$626.27

Facility setting, before claim adjustments.

See every locality for 23107 → · Billed by an NP, PA or therapist? →

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

On this page 10 sections
  1. Medicare rate
  2. What 23107 covers
  3. By payment locality
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Similar codes
  8. Related codes
  9. Billing questions
  10. Sources

What 23107 covers

This service involves opening the glenohumeral joint for direct inspection, drainage, or removal of a foreign body. An orthopedic surgeon typically performs it in an operating room, such as when shoulder joint pathology requires open access rather than inspection through an arthroscope. The operative report should identify the joint and document the work performed through the arthrotomy.

Report 23107 when the documented service is open exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal—not a joint biopsy or synovectomy coded to a more specific procedure. The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available; co-surgeons are paid only with supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

Where 23107 pays more and less

The same RVUs, adjusted for each area’s costs. Open a locality for its calculation, history and nearby areas.

109 of 109 payment localities

23107 office and facility rates by payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaUnavailable$565.52
Alaska*Unavailable$761.75
ArizonaUnavailable$609.02
ArkansasUnavailable$558.02
AtlantaUnavailable$643.65
AustinUnavailable$636.07
BakersfieldUnavailable$634.86
Baltimore/Surr. CntysUnavailable$665.38
BeaumontUnavailable$597.05
BrazoriaUnavailable$612.86

23107 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

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Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
23107 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

How the 23107 rate is calculated

Each of 23107’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 23107

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Swap in your local Medicare rate.

Work 8.65Practice expense 8.30Malpractice 1.80

18.7500 adjusted RVUs×$33.4009 conversion factor=$626.27

All indexes start at 1.000 (the national rate). Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

Payment rules and modifiers for 23107

23107 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 23107

Shoulder arthrotomy

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 23107

Shoulder arthrotomy

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24 Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79 Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58 Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78 Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

23107 without 50 · national facility

$626.27

Shoulder arthrotomy

23107-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$939.41

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

23107 compared with similar codes

Compare codes

23107 vs 23100 vs 23105 vs 29805: national Medicare rates

Swap in your local Medicare rate.

  • 23107
    Shoulder arthrotomy · 8.65 wRVU
    —
  • 23100
    Shoulder arthrotomy · 6.05 wRVU
    —
  • 23105
    Shoulder synovectomy · 8.27 wRVU
    —
  • 29805
    Shoulder arthroscopy · 5.88 wRVU
    —

How to choose

23100Shoulder arthrotomy
Choose 23100 when an open glenohumeral arthrotomy includes biopsy. Choose 23107 for exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal.
23105Shoulder synovectomy
23105 describes open glenohumeral arthrotomy with synovectomy; 23107 describes exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal.
29805Shoulder arthroscopy
29805 is diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy, performed with a scope. 23107 involves open access to the glenohumeral joint.

Codes related to 23107

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 23107
CodeHow it relatesNational office range
Same family
23100Shoulder arthrotomyOpen glenohumeral arthrotomy with biopsy rather than exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal.No office rate
23105Shoulder synovectomyOpen glenohumeral arthrotomy that includes synovectomy.No office rate
Used instead
29805Shoulder arthroscopyArthroscopic shoulder inspection uses a scope rather than open joint access.No office rate

23107 billing questions

How does 23107 differ from 23100?

23107 describes open joint exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal. 23100 is for an arthrotomy that includes a joint biopsy.

When is 23105 a better fit?

Use 23105 when the documented open procedure includes synovectomy. 23107 describes exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal.

Can the drainage or foreign-body removal be billed separately?

Those services are included in the scope of 23107 when performed through the arthrotomy. The operative note should specify which work was done.

How is a bilateral procedure reported?

CMS identifies 23107 as a bilateral procedure; modifier 50 is paid at 150%.

What postoperative care is included?

The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 23107PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 2,167 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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