$179.01–$257.88
Choose 28540 when the tarsal dislocation is treated closed without manipulation; 28545 requires manipulation.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
28545 Foot dislocation Medicare reimbursement rates
Report this service when a clinician treats a dislocated tarsal joint by closed reduction that requires manipulation rather than open repair. Compare 28545 office and facility rates across CMS payment localities.
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
What does Medicare pay for 28545?
The service location and office or facility setting determine which base rate applies. These are the supported base rates for the 109 payment areas shown below, using the same CMS release.
Office / nonfacility
$304.26–$456.70
109 of 109 localities have a supported rate.
Lowest: Arkansas
Highest: San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty)
A spread of $152.44 per service.
Facility setting
$244.01–$355.56
109 of 109 localities have a supported rate.
Lowest: Arkansas
Highest: San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty)
A spread of $111.55 per service.
These are locality ranges, not averages or address-specific quotes. A facility-setting amount covers the physician service; it does not include a hospital’s separate bill. Choose a locality below to inspect its calculation, compare other payment areas, or price a percentage of Medicare.
Where 28545 pays more and less
109 payment localities
$304.26 to $456.70
Orthopedic treatment
About 28545: Closed tarsal dislocation reduction with manipulation
Report this service when a clinician treats a dislocated tarsal joint by closed reduction that requires manipulation rather than open repair.
This service covers closed reduction of a dislocated tarsal joint when the clinician must manipulate the joint to restore alignment. Orthopedic surgeons, podiatrists, and other qualified practitioners may provide it in an operating room, procedure area, or other setting appropriate to the reduction. The treatment is performed without opening the joint for repair; documentation should identify the affected joint and the manipulation used to reduce the dislocation.
Report this code when manipulation is required, rather than the related closed-treatment code for a tarsal dislocation treated without manipulation. The record should support the diagnosis, anatomic site, reduction, and need for manipulation. CMS assigns a 90-day major-surgery global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in one session, the highest-valued is paid in full and others at 50%. For bilateral treatment, modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 28545
- Global period
- Major surgery with a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral procedure with modifier 50 is paid at 150%.
- Assistant at surgery
- Assistant at surgery is paid only with documentation of medical necessity.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons not permitted.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU2.54 · 24%
- Practice expense (office) RVU7.33 · 70%
- Malpractice RVU0.53 · 5%
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
28545 compared with similar codes
Office rate ranges across all CMS payment localities, from the same CMS release.
$555.31–$861.45
Both describe closed manipulation treatment of a tarsal dislocation; 28546 specifies treatment with anesthesia.
$786.66–$1,125.47
Use 28555 for open treatment of a tarsal joint dislocation. Code 28545 describes closed reduction with manipulation.
$370.69–$549.78
Code 28575 concerns closed treatment with manipulation of a metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation, not a tarsal joint dislocation.
See how rates vary across the country
28545 · Office / nonfacility · Non-QP. Choose a state to explore its payment localities. A range means the amount varies within that state.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$304.26
$410.40
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View all state and territory rates as a table
| State / territory | Rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $397.75 | 1 |
| AL | $309.08 | 1 |
| AR | $304.26 | 1 |
| AZ | $337.23 | 1 |
| CA | $364.10–$456.70 | 29 |
| CO | $360.18 | 1 |
| CT | $371.64 | 1 |
| DC | $397.53 | 1 |
| DE | $343.07 | 1 |
| FL | $345.50–$384.47 | 3 |
| GA | $324.33–$355.10 | 2 |
| GU | $373.46 | 1 |
| HI | $373.46 | 1 |
| IA | $315.88 | 1 |
| ID | $318.45 | 1 |
| IL | $336.04–$372.11 | 4 |
| IN | $320.40 | 1 |
| KS | $315.09 | 1 |
| KY | $318.69 | 1 |
| LA | $318.47–$335.33 | 2 |
| MA | $358.11–$396.40 | 2 |
| MD | $349.70–$397.53 | 3 |
| ME | $321.09–$338.63 | 2 |
| MI | $328.35–$350.94 | 2 |
| MN | $342.01 | 1 |
| MO | $313.12–$335.65 | 3 |
| MS | $308.72 | 1 |
| MT | $347.33 | 1 |
| NC | $324.58 | 1 |
| ND | $336.85 | 1 |
| NE | $317.51 | 1 |
| NH | $355.19 | 1 |
| NJ | $375.00–$393.09 | 2 |
| NM | $330.61 | 1 |
| NV | $344.66 | 1 |
| NY | $329.87–$414.24 | 5 |
| OH | $326.21 | 1 |
| OK | $317.23 | 1 |
| OR | $341.13–$371.37 | 2 |
| PA | $326.32–$362.35 | 2 |
| PR | $349.80 | 1 |
| RI | $355.15 | 1 |
| SC | $326.11 | 1 |
| SD | $335.61 | 1 |
| TN | $316.89 | 1 |
| TX | $324.08–$359.72 | 8 |
| UT | $330.87 | 1 |
| VA | $338.00–$397.53 | 2 |
| VI | $349.80 | 1 |
| VT | $336.18 | 1 |
| WA | $357.22–$403.95 | 2 |
| WI | $324.84 | 1 |
| WV | $322.93 | 1 |
| WY | $342.77 | 1 |
Compare 28545 by payment locality
Find the payment area for your service address, then open its rate page for calculation inputs, release history and the percentage-of-Medicare tool. A city may cross payment-area boundaries; the ZIP lookup above helps resolve the location.
109 of 109 payment localities
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Office $309.08 | Facility $247.71 |
| Alaska* | Office $397.75 | Facility $323.05 |
| Arizona | Office $337.23 | Facility $269.26 |
| Arkansas | Office $304.26 | Facility $244.01 |
| Atlanta | Office $355.10 | Facility $283.84 |
| Austin | Office $359.72 | Facility $285.51 |
| Bakersfield | Office $365.56 | Facility $288.69 |
| Baltimore/Surr. Cntys | Office $370.79 | Facility $295.53 |
| Beaumont | Office $324.08 | Facility $260.25 |
| Brazoria | Office $341.95 | Facility $272.44 |
| Chicago | Office $372.11 | Facility $301.62 |
| Chico | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Colorado | Office $360.18 | Facility $285.55 |
| Connecticut | Office $371.64 | Facility $296.09 |
| Dallas | Office $344.64 | Facility $274.78 |
| Dc + Md/Va Suburbs | Office $397.53 | Facility $314.90 |
| Delaware | Office $343.07 | Facility $273.77 |
| Detroit | Office $350.94 | Facility $283.26 |
| East St. Louis | Office $345.73 | Facility $281.20 |
| El Centro | Office $364.19 | Facility $287.31 |
| Fort Lauderdale | Office $364.86 | Facility $293.80 |
| Fort Worth | Office $342.42 | Facility $273.26 |
| Fresno | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Galveston | Office $343.29 | Facility $273.64 |
| Hanford-Corcoran | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Hawaii, Guam | Office $373.46 | Facility $293.71 |
| Houston | Office $352.99 | Facility $283.34 |
| Idaho | Office $318.45 | Facility $253.92 |
| Indiana | Office $320.40 | Facility $255.38 |
| Iowa | Office $315.88 | Facility $251.70 |
| Kansas | Office $315.09 | Facility $251.68 |
| Kentucky | Office $318.69 | Facility $256.33 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim (Los Angeles/Orange Cnty) | Office $389.70 | Facility $306.73 |
| Madera | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Manhattan | Office $402.83 | Facility $321.33 |
| Merced | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Metropolitan Boston | Office $396.40 | Facility $312.65 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City | Office $332.03 | Facility $266.16 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia | Office $362.35 | Facility $289.33 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis | Office $335.65 | Facility $268.88 |
| Miami | Office $384.47 | Facility $311.46 |
| Minnesota | Office $342.01 | Facility $269.83 |
| Mississippi | Office $308.72 | Facility $248.33 |
| Modesto | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Montana** | Office $347.33 | Facility $277.19 |
| Napa | Office $421.86 | Facility $329.41 |
| Nebraska | Office $317.51 | Facility $252.77 |
| Nevada** | Office $344.66 | Facility $274.45 |
| New Hampshire | Office $355.19 | Facility $282.18 |
| New Mexico | Office $330.61 | Facility $266.29 |
| New Orleans | Office $335.33 | Facility $269.33 |
| North Carolina | Office $324.58 | Facility $259.13 |
| North Dakota** | Office $336.85 | Facility $266.71 |
| Northern Nj | Office $393.09 | Facility $311.73 |
| Nyc Suburbs/Long Island | Office $414.24 | Facility $330.84 |
| Ohio | Office $326.21 | Facility $262.17 |
| Oklahoma | Office $317.23 | Facility $254.59 |
| Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura | Office $387.63 | Facility $304.72 |
| Portland | Office $371.37 | Facility $293.44 |
| Poughkpsie/N Nyc Suburbs | Office $378.16 | Facility $301.36 |
| Puerto Rico | Office $349.80 | Facility $278.88 |
| Queens | Office $405.18 | Facility $322.27 |
| Redding | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Rest Of California | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Rest Of Florida | Office $345.50 | Facility $278.45 |
| Rest Of Georgia | Office $324.33 | Facility $261.76 |
| Rest Of Illinois | Office $336.04 | Facility $272.00 |
| Rest Of Louisiana | Office $318.47 | Facility $256.39 |
| Rest Of Maine | Office $321.09 | Facility $256.56 |
| Rest Of Maryland | Office $349.70 | Facility $278.72 |
| Rest Of Massachusetts | Office $358.11 | Facility $284.25 |
| Rest Of Michigan | Office $328.35 | Facility $264.31 |
| Rest Of Missouri | Office $313.12 | Facility $252.66 |
| Rest Of New Jersey | Office $375.00 | Facility $298.41 |
| Rest Of New York | Office $329.87 | Facility $263.24 |
| Rest Of Oregon | Office $341.13 | Facility $271.27 |
| Rest Of Pennsylvania | Office $326.32 | Facility $261.93 |
| Rest Of Texas | Office $333.17 | Facility $266.60 |
| Rest Of Washington | Office $357.22 | Facility $283.36 |
| Rhode Island | Office $355.15 | Facility $282.69 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario | Office $369.80 | Facility $292.92 |
| Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom | Office $382.12 | Facility $300.54 |
| Salinas | Office $380.71 | Facility $299.42 |
| San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad | Office $389.79 | Facility $305.90 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (Marin Cnty) | Office $446.23 | Facility $347.33 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (San Francisco/San Mateo/Alameda/Contra Costa Cnty) | Office $445.63 | Facility $346.73 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty) | Office $456.70 | Facility $355.56 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (Santa Clara Cnty) | Office $454.24 | Facility $353.10 |
| San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles | Office $374.63 | Facility $294.74 |
| Santa Cruz-Watsonville | Office $393.58 | Facility $308.35 |
| Santa Maria-Santa Barbara | Office $382.17 | Facility $300.39 |
| Santa Rosa-Petaluma | Office $397.52 | Facility $311.39 |
| Seattle (King Cnty) | Office $403.95 | Facility $317.88 |
| South Carolina | Office $326.11 | Facility $261.30 |
| South Dakota** | Office $335.61 | Facility $265.47 |
| Southern Maine | Office $338.63 | Facility $269.12 |
| Stockton | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| Suburban Chicago | Office $368.24 | Facility $296.20 |
| Tennessee | Office $316.89 | Facility $253.13 |
| Utah | Office $330.87 | Facility $264.94 |
| Vallejo | Office $420.99 | Facility $328.55 |
| Vermont | Office $336.18 | Facility $266.74 |
| Virgin Islands | Office $349.80 | Facility $278.88 |
| Virginia | Office $338.00 | Facility $269.05 |
| Visalia | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
| West Virginia | Office $322.93 | Facility $261.97 |
| Wisconsin | Office $324.84 | Facility $257.64 |
| Wyoming** | Office $342.77 | Facility $272.62 |
| Yuba City | Office $364.10 | Facility $287.23 |
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28545 billing questions
How does this differ from 28540?
Use 28545 when reduction requires manipulation. Code 28540 is for closed treatment of a tarsal joint dislocation without manipulation.
When would 28546 be more appropriate?
Code 28546 describes closed treatment of a tarsal joint dislocation requiring manipulation with anesthesia. Distinguish it from 28545 based on the service and anesthesia documented.
Is open repair included in this code?
No. This code describes closed treatment. Open treatment of a tarsal joint dislocation is represented by 28555.
What postoperative care is included?
The 90-day major-surgery global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.
How is bilateral treatment paid?
CMS identifies this as a bilateral procedure; when both sides are treated and modifier 50 is reported, payment is at 150%.
Can an assistant surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment is allowed only when medical necessity is documented. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
3,22328530,,Treat sesamoid bone fracture,A,,1.08,2.50,,1.89,,0.12,3.70,3.09,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,22428531,,Treat sesamoid bone fracture,A,,2.51,6.96,,2.51,,0.21,9.68,5.23,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,1,2,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,22528540,,Treat foot dislocation,A,,2.14,3.64,,2.80,,0.18,5.96,5.12,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,22628545,,Treat foot dislocation,A,,2.54,7.33,,5.23,,0.53,10.40,8.30,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,22728546,,Treat foot dislocation,A,,3.32,15.07,,6.69,,0.70,19.09,10.71,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,22828555,,Repair foot dislocation,A,,9.41,15.57,,7.42,,1.49,26.47,18.32,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,22928570,,Treat foot dislocation,A,,1.72,5.91,,4.05,,0.37,8.00,6.14,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00