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CPT code 28045: Foot mass excision, deep, under 1.5 cm2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Iowa

Reports surgical removal of a deep soft-tissue mass in the foot or toe when the lesion measures less than 1.5 cm.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality1.1K Medicare services in 2024

In Iowa, Medicare pays $449.49 for 28045 in the office and $307.07 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$449.49Office (non-facility)
$307.07Hospital or facility
−7.3%vs the national office rate ($484.98)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28045 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28045 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Iowa
  2. What 28045 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28045 covers

A foot or ankle surgeon, often an orthopedic surgeon or podiatrist, uses this code for excision of a small mass in the foot or toe that lies in deeper tissue rather than being confined to the subcutaneous layer. The service involves surgically exposing and removing the lesion; the setting may be an operating room or an office procedure setting, depending on the case and resources needed.

Select this code when the documented lesion is in the foot or toe, is deep, and measures less than 1.5 cm. The operative report should identify the site, depth, lesion size, and removal performed; pathology findings may further describe the specimen. Medicare assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Iowa compares for 28045

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28045 runs from $435.40 in Arkansas to $624.12 in San Benito County, CA. Iowa pays $449.49. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28045 in Iowa vs other payment areas
  1. Iowa · this page$449.49
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$539.19+$89.70
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$548.14+$98.65
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$524.43+$74.94
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$511.03+$61.54
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$553.81+$104.32
  7. Alaska · Alaska$584.39+$134.90

Other areas in Iowa first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28045 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$440.96$304.76
ArkansasArkansas$435.40$301.70
ArizonaArizona$473.41$322.58
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$509.10$338.51
Chico, CACalifornia$507.43$336.84
El Centro, CACalifornia$507.52$336.93
Fresno, CACalifornia$507.43$336.84
Hanford, CACalifornia$507.43$336.84

28045 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$435.40

$584.39

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28045 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$584.391
AL$440.961
AR$435.401
AZ$473.411
CA$507.43–$624.1229
CO$501.691
CT$514.611
DC$548.141
DE$480.571
FL$481.31–$524.433
GA$457.17–$493.772
GU$517.061
HI$517.061
IA$449.491
ID$452.311
IL$469.94–$511.034
IN$454.571
KS$448.231
KY$451.301
LA$450.92–$470.352
MA$499.51–$546.452
MD$488.75–$548.143
ME$455.00–$475.722
MI$462.11–$487.222
MN$480.681
MO$444.55–$471.123
MS$440.021
MT$484.941
NC$459.071
ND$474.271
NE$451.461
NH$494.601
NJ$520.47–$543.712
NM$464.571
NV$482.261
NY$465.14–$566.525
OH$459.931
OK$449.971
OR$478.47–$515.352
PA$460.24–$503.532
PR$487.901
RI$495.961
SC$460.271
SD$473.001
TN$450.281
TX$457.64–$500.088
UT$465.771
VA$474.76–$548.142
VI$487.901
VT$473.181
WA$498.32–$556.282
WI$460.341
WV$454.821
WY$480.291

See 28045 in every payment locality

How the 28045 rate is calculated

Each of 28045’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28045

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work5.31

5.31 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense8.67

8.67 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.54

0.54 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

14.5200

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$484.98

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Iowa inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,101

Code
28045
Physician work
5.31
Practice expense
8.67
Malpractice
0.54

GPCI2026.csv

53

Locality
Iowa
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.915
Malpractice
0.397
Office calculation for 28045 in Iowa
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work5.31× 1.0005.3100
Practice expense8.67× 0.9157.9331
Malpractice0.54× 0.3970.2144
Total RVUs13.4574
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Iowa$449.49

Office: (5.31 × 1 + 8.67 × 0.915 + 0.54 × 0.397) × $33.4009 = $449.49

Facility: (5.31 × 1 + 4.01 × 0.915 + 0.54 × 0.397) × $33.4009 = $307.07

Open 28045 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28045

28045 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28045

Foot mass excision, deep, under 1.5 cm

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28045

Foot mass excision, deep, under 1.5 cm

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28045 without 50 · national office

$484.98

Foot mass excision, deep, under 1.5 cm

28045-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$727.47

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

Codes related to 28045

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 28045
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Iowa
Same family
28043Tumor excision, subcutaneous, under 1.5 cmSmall foot or toe mass excision in the subcutaneous layer rather than deeper tissue.$353.67
28041Tumor excision, deep, 1.5 cm or largerDeep foot or toe mass excision for lesions measuring 1.5 cm or greater.No office rate
28039Tumor excision, subcutaneous, 1.5 cm or largerSubcutaneous foot or toe mass excision for lesions measuring 1.5 cm or greater.$440.90
Used instead
28046Tumor resection, soft tissue under 3 cmResection code for a foot or toe tumor under 3 cm when the service is a resection.No office rate
28047Tumor resection, 3 cm or largerResection code for a foot or toe tumor measuring 3 cm or greater.No office rate

How 28045 has changed in Iowa

28045 · Office / nonfacility

$449.49

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $14.64 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $434.85 to $449.49 (3.4%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $434.85changed to$449.49

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 5.45 changed to 5.31
    • Practice expense RVU 8.49 changed to 8.67
    • Malpractice RVU 0.53 changed to 0.54
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.913 changed to 0.915
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.457 changed to 0.397

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $446.14changed to$434.85

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 8.45 changed to 8.49
    • Malpractice RVU 0.52 changed to 0.53

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $438.85changed to$446.14

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $450.10changed to$438.85

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 8.35 changed to 8.45
    • Malpractice RVU 0.53 changed to 0.52
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.910 changed to 0.913
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.441 changed to 0.457

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $452.06changed to$450.10

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 8.15 changed to 8.35
    • Malpractice RVU 0.52 changed to 0.53
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.907 changed to 0.910
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.425 changed to 0.441

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $463.89changed to$452.06

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 8.41 changed to 8.15
    • Malpractice RVU 0.51 changed to 0.52

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $469.30changed to$463.89

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 8.09 changed to 8.41
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.424 changed to 0.425

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $475.21changed to$469.30

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 8.31 changed to 8.09
    • Malpractice RVU 0.47 changed to 0.51
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.423 changed to 0.424

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $478.76changed to$475.21

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 8.43 changed to 8.31
    • Malpractice RVU 0.48 changed to 0.47

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $475.73changed to$478.76

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 8.41 changed to 8.43
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.902 changed to 0.907
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.458 changed to 0.423

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $471.94changed to$475.73

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 8.37 changed to 8.41
    • Malpractice RVU 0.47 changed to 0.48
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.896 changed to 0.902
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.493 changed to 0.458

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $472.71changed to$471.94

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 8.33 changed to 8.37
    • Malpractice RVU 0.49 changed to 0.47

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $470.36changed to$472.71

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $467.72changed to$470.36

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 8.24 changed to 8.33
    • Malpractice RVU 0.54 changed to 0.49
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.892 changed to 0.896
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.475 changed to 0.493

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $468.44changed to$467.72

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 9.09 changed to 8.24
    • Malpractice RVU 0.56 changed to 0.54
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.887 changed to 0.892
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.456 changed to 0.475

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $468.44

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$449.49$307.07RVU26D
2026-07-01$449.49$307.07RVU26C
2026-04-01$449.49$307.07RVU26B
2026-01-01$449.49$307.07RVU26A
2025-10-01$434.85$322.04RVU25D
2025-07-01$434.85$322.04RVU25C
2025-04-01$434.85$322.04RVU25B
2025-01-01$434.85$322.04RVU25A
2024-10-01$446.14$327.00RVU24D
2024-07-01$446.14$327.00RVU24C
2024-04-01$446.14$327.00RVU24B
2024-03-09$446.14$327.00RVU24AR
2024-01-01$438.85$321.66RVU24A
2023-10-01$450.10$327.98RVU23D
2023-07-01$450.10$327.98RVU23C
2023-04-01$450.10$327.98RVU23B
2023-01-01$450.10$327.98RVU23A
2022-10-01$452.06$327.14RVU22D
2022-07-01$452.06$327.14RVU22C
2022-04-01$452.06$327.14RVU22B
2022-01-01$452.06$327.14RVU22A
2021-10-01$463.89$329.07RVU21D
2021-07-01$463.89$329.07RVU21C
2021-04-01$463.89$329.07RVU21B
2021-01-01$463.89$329.07RVU21A
2020-10-01$469.30$335.75RVU20D
2020-07-01$469.30$335.75RVU20C
2020-04-01$469.30$335.75RVU20B
2020-01-01$469.30$335.75RVU20A
2019-10-01$475.21$336.94RVU19D
2019-07-01$475.21$336.94RVU19C
2019-04-01$475.21$336.94RVU19B
2019-01-01$475.21$336.94RVU19A
2018-10-01$478.76$337.38RVU18D
2018-07-01$478.76$337.38RVU18C
2018-04-01$478.76$337.38RVU18B
2018-01-01$478.76$337.38RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$475.73$336.21RVU17D
2017-07-01$475.73$336.21RVU17C
2017-04-01$475.73$336.21RVU17B
2017-01-01$475.73$336.21RVU17A
2016-10-01$471.94$334.32RVU16D
2016-07-01$471.94$334.32RVU16C
2016-04-01$471.94$334.32RVU16B
2016-01-01$471.94$334.32RVU16A
2015-10-01$472.71$334.27RVU15D
2015-07-01$472.71$334.27RVU15C
2015-04-01$470.36$332.61RVU15B
2015-01-01$470.36$332.61RVU15A
2014-10-01$467.72$332.88RVU14D
2014-07-01$467.72$332.88RVU14C
2014-04-01$467.72$332.88RVU14B
2014-01-01$467.72$332.88RVU14A
2013-10-01$468.44$326.60RVU13D
2013-07-01$468.44$326.60RVU13C
2013-04-01$468.44$326.60RVU13B
2013-01-01$468.44$326.60RVU13AR

Price 28045 for an earlier date of service

Where the Iowa rate applies

Iowa is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 1026 cities and communities in Iowa. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Ackley
  • Ackworth
  • Adair
  • Adel
  • Afton
  • Agency
  • Ainsworth
  • Akron

Browse all communities in Iowa

28045 billing questions

How does this code differ from 28043?

Use 28045 for a deep lesion under 1.5 cm. Code 28043 is for a lesion of that size confined to the subcutaneous layer.

Does lesion size refer to the incision?

No. Document the size of the lesion, along with its depth and foot or toe location; the incision length does not establish the size category.

When should 28041 be considered instead?

Use 28041 for a deep foot or toe lesion measuring 1.5 cm or greater. The distinction from 28045 is the documented lesion size.

How is bilateral surgery reported?

For bilateral procedures, report modifier 50; CMS pays this code at 150%.

Are routine postoperative visits separately included?

Related postoperative care during the 90-day global period is included, as is the day-before preoperative visit.

Can an assistant surgeon be paid for this procedure?

Assistant-at-surgery payment is available only with documentation of medical necessity. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28045PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,101 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for IowaGPCI2026.csv, line 53 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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