CPT code 28100: Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Alabama

Reports surgical curettage or excision of a bone cyst or benign tumor in the talus or calcaneus when the lesion is treated without a graft.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality478 Medicare services in 2024

In Alabama, Medicare pays $579.17 for 28100 in the office and $367.58 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$579.17Office (non-facility)
$367.58Hospital or facility
−10.2%vs the national office rate ($645.31)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28100 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28100 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Alabama
  2. What 28100 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28100 covers

This service removes or curettes a bone cyst or benign tumor in the talus or calcaneus. An orthopedic surgeon or podiatric surgeon typically performs it in an operating room, using an approach that exposes the affected bone and allows the lesion to be treated. The operative report should identify the bone and lesion and describe the work performed; the code is for these two bones, not other tarsal bones or toe bones.

Select this code when the lesion is in the talus or calcaneus and the procedure does not use a graft; grafted procedures have separate sibling codes. Document the diagnosis, exact site, and whether grafting was performed. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. In a same-session multiple-procedure claim, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be made; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Alabama compares for 28100

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28100 runs from $570.84 in Arkansas to $840.61 in San Benito County, CA. Alabama pays $579.17. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28100 in Alabama vs other payment areas
  1. Alabama · this page$579.17
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$721.03+$141.86
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$734.71+$155.54
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$708.22+$129.05
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$687.26+$108.09
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$743.86+$164.69
  7. Alaska · Alaska$754.50+$175.33

Other areas in Alabama first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28100 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
ArkansasArkansas$570.84$363.12
ArizonaArizona$627.82$393.50
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$678.17$413.13
Chico, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58
El Centro, CACalifornia$675.77$410.73
Fresno, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58
Hanford, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58
Madera, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58

28100 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$570.84

$758.12

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28100 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$754.501
AL$579.171
AR$570.841
AZ$627.821
CA$675.62–$840.6129
CO$668.331
CT$688.131
DC$734.711
DE$638.141
FL$641.52–$708.223
GA$605.02–$658.662
GU$691.131
HI$691.131
IA$591.181
ID$595.571
IL$624.99–$687.264
IN$598.941
KS$589.681
KY$595.511
LA$595.08–$624.222
MA$664.88–$732.432
MD$649.88–$734.713
ME$600.00–$630.502
MI$612.09–$650.792
MN$636.731
MO$585.76–$624.923
MS$578.351
MT$645.251
NC$606.041
ND$627.651
NE$594.021
NH$659.051
NJ$694.96–$727.422
NM$615.931
NV$640.771
NY$615.18–$763.415
OH$608.491
OK$593.111
OR$634.77–$688.002
PA$608.75–$671.922
PR$649.541
RI$659.751
SC$608.481
SD$625.571
TN$592.791
TX$604.87–$667.008
UT$616.721
VA$629.33–$734.712
VI$649.541
VT$626.361
WA$663.24–$746.022
WI$606.851
WV$602.331
WY$637.581

See 28100 in every payment locality

How the 28100 rate is calculated

Each of 28100’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28100

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work5.68

5.68 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense12.75

12.75 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.89

0.89 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

19.3200

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$645.31

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Alabama inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,117

Code
28100
Physician work
5.68
Practice expense
12.75
Malpractice
0.89

GPCI2026.csv

4

Locality
Alabama
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.875
Malpractice
0.566
Office calculation for 28100 in Alabama
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work5.68× 1.0005.6800
Practice expense12.75× 0.87511.1563
Malpractice0.89× 0.5660.5037
Total RVUs17.3400
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Alabama$579.17

Office: (5.68 × 1 + 12.75 × 0.875 + 0.89 × 0.566) × $33.4009 = $579.17

Facility: (5.68 × 1 + 5.51 × 0.875 + 0.89 × 0.566) × $33.4009 = $367.58

Open 28100 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28100

28100 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28100

Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28100

Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28100 without 50 · national office

$645.31

Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus

28100-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$967.96

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 28100 has changed in Alabama

28100 · Office / nonfacility

$579.17

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $43.65 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $535.52 to $579.17 (8.2%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $535.52changed to$579.17

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 5.83 changed to 5.68
    • Practice expense RVU 11.80 changed to 12.75
    • Malpractice RVU 0.82 changed to 0.89
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.869 changed to 0.875
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.575 changed to 0.566

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $549.65changed to$535.52

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 11.75 changed to 11.80

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $540.68changed to$549.65

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $565.73changed to$540.68

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 11.65 changed to 11.75
    • Malpractice RVU 0.85 changed to 0.82
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.878 changed to 0.869
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.748 changed to 0.575
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $584.09changed to$565.73

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 11.56 changed to 11.65
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.888 changed to 0.878
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.921 changed to 0.748

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $591.29changed to$584.09

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 11.74 changed to 11.56
    • Malpractice RVU 0.75 changed to 0.85

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $583.48changed to$591.29

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 11.00 changed to 11.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.79 changed to 0.75
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.889 changed to 0.888
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.707 changed to 0.921

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $579.29changed to$583.48

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 11.09 changed to 11.00
    • Malpractice RVU 0.76 changed to 0.79
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.890 changed to 0.889
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.492 changed to 0.707

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $579.80changed to$579.29

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 11.12 changed to 11.09
    • Malpractice RVU 0.77 changed to 0.76

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. April 1, 2018

    RVU18B

    No ratechanged to$579.80

    Held through RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: No rate

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D, RVU17A, RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D, RVU18AR1.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$579.17$367.58RVU26D
2026-07-01$579.17$367.58RVU26C
2026-04-01$579.17$367.58RVU26B
2026-01-01$579.17$367.58RVU26A
2025-10-01$535.52$377.55RVU25D
2025-07-01$535.52$377.55RVU25C
2025-04-01$535.52$377.55RVU25B
2025-01-01$535.52$377.55RVU25A
2024-10-01$549.65$383.90RVU24D
2024-07-01$549.65$383.90RVU24C
2024-04-01$549.65$383.90RVU24B
2024-03-09$549.65$383.90RVU24AR
2024-01-01$540.68$377.63RVU24A
2023-10-01$565.73$393.46RVU23D
2023-07-01$565.73$393.46RVU23C
2023-04-01$565.73$393.46RVU23B
2023-01-01$565.73$393.46RVU23A
2022-10-01$584.09$404.93RVU22D
2022-07-01$584.09$404.93RVU22C
2022-04-01$584.09$404.93RVU22B
2022-01-01$584.09$404.93RVU22A
2021-10-01$591.29$402.59RVU21D
2021-07-01$591.29$402.59RVU21C
2021-04-01$591.29$402.59RVU21B
2021-01-01$591.29$402.59RVU21A
2020-10-01$583.48$402.53RVU20D
2020-07-01$583.48$402.53RVU20C
2020-04-01$583.48$402.53RVU20B
2020-01-01$583.48$402.53RVU20A
2019-10-01$579.29$396.15RVU19D
2019-07-01$579.29$396.15RVU19C
2019-04-01$579.29$396.15RVU19B
2019-01-01$579.29$396.15RVU19A
2018-10-01$579.80$395.57RVU18D
2018-07-01$579.80$395.57RVU18C
2018-04-01$579.80$395.57RVU18B
2018-01-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU18AR1
2017-10-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU17D
2017-07-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU17C
2017-04-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU17B
2017-01-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU17A
2016-10-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU16D
2016-07-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU16C
2016-04-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU16B
2016-01-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU16A
2015-10-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU15D
2015-07-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU15C
2015-04-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU15B
2015-01-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU15A
2014-10-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU14D
2014-07-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU14C
2014-04-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU14B
2014-01-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU14A
2013-10-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU13D
2013-07-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU13C
2013-04-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU13B
2013-01-01Rate data unavailableRate data unavailableRVU13AR

Price 28100 for an earlier date of service

Where the Alabama rate applies

Alabama is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 595 cities and communities in Alabama. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Abanda
  • Abbeville
  • Adamsville
  • Addison
  • Akron
  • Alabaster
  • Albertville
  • Alexander City

Browse all communities in Alabama

28100 billing questions

When should I choose this code instead of 28102 or 28103?

Use 28100 for a talus or calcaneus lesion treated without a graft. Codes 28102 and 28103 are the grafted sibling procedures.

Can I report this for a lesion in another tarsal bone?

No. This code is specific to the talus or calcaneus. Code 28104 is for a bone cyst or benign tumor in another tarsal bone.

Is routine postoperative care separately reported?

Related postoperative care during the 90-day global period is included, as is the day-before preoperative visit.

How is bilateral surgery paid?

CMS lists bilateral reporting with modifier 50 at 150% payment. Document the procedure on both sides.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment may be made. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28100PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,117 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for AlabamaGPCI2026.csv, line 4 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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