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CPT code 28100: Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Utah

Reports surgical curettage or excision of a bone cyst or benign tumor in the talus or calcaneus when the lesion is treated without a graft.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality478 Medicare services in 2024

In Utah, Medicare pays $616.72 for 28100 in the office and $389.41 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$616.72Office (non-facility)
$389.41Hospital or facility
−4.4%vs the national office rate ($645.31)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28100 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28100 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Utah
  2. What 28100 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28100 covers

This service removes or curettes a bone cyst or benign tumor in the talus or calcaneus. An orthopedic surgeon or podiatric surgeon typically performs it in an operating room, using an approach that exposes the affected bone and allows the lesion to be treated. The operative report should identify the bone and lesion and describe the work performed; the code is for these two bones, not other tarsal bones or toe bones.

Select this code when the lesion is in the talus or calcaneus and the procedure does not use a graft; grafted procedures have separate sibling codes. Document the diagnosis, exact site, and whether grafting was performed. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. In a same-session multiple-procedure claim, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be made; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Utah compares for 28100

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28100 runs from $570.84 in Arkansas to $840.61 in San Benito County, CA. Utah pays $616.72. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28100 in Utah vs other payment areas
  1. Utah · this page$616.72
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$721.03+$104.31
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$734.71+$117.99
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$708.22+$91.50
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$687.26+$70.54
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$743.86+$127.14
  7. Alaska · Alaska$754.50+$137.78

Other areas in Utah first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28100 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$579.17$367.58
ArkansasArkansas$570.84$363.12
ArizonaArizona$627.82$393.50
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$678.17$413.13
Chico, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58
El Centro, CACalifornia$675.77$410.73
Fresno, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58
Hanford, CACalifornia$675.62$410.58

28100 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$570.84

$758.12

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28100 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$754.501
AL$579.171
AR$570.841
AZ$627.821
CA$675.62–$840.6129
CO$668.331
CT$688.131
DC$734.711
DE$638.141
FL$641.52–$708.223
GA$605.02–$658.662
GU$691.131
HI$691.131
IA$591.181
ID$595.571
IL$624.99–$687.264
IN$598.941
KS$589.681
KY$595.511
LA$595.08–$624.222
MA$664.88–$732.432
MD$649.88–$734.713
ME$600.00–$630.502
MI$612.09–$650.792
MN$636.731
MO$585.76–$624.923
MS$578.351
MT$645.251
NC$606.041
ND$627.651
NE$594.021
NH$659.051
NJ$694.96–$727.422
NM$615.931
NV$640.771
NY$615.18–$763.415
OH$608.491
OK$593.111
OR$634.77–$688.002
PA$608.75–$671.922
PR$649.541
RI$659.751
SC$608.481
SD$625.571
TN$592.791
TX$604.87–$667.008
UT$616.721
VA$629.33–$734.712
VI$649.541
VT$626.361
WA$663.24–$746.022
WI$606.851
WV$602.331
WY$637.581

See 28100 in every payment locality

How the 28100 rate is calculated

Each of 28100’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28100

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work5.68

5.68 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense12.75

12.75 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.89

0.89 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

19.3200

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$645.31

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Utah inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,117

Code
28100
Physician work
5.68
Practice expense
12.75
Malpractice
0.89

GPCI2026.csv

104

Locality
Utah
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.940
Malpractice
0.898
Office calculation for 28100 in Utah
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work5.68× 1.0005.6800
Practice expense12.75× 0.94011.9850
Malpractice0.89× 0.8980.7992
Total RVUs18.4642
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Utah$616.72

Office: (5.68 × 1 + 12.75 × 0.94 + 0.89 × 0.898) × $33.4009 = $616.72

Facility: (5.68 × 1 + 5.51 × 0.94 + 0.89 × 0.898) × $33.4009 = $389.41

Open 28100 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28100

28100 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28100

Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28100

Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28100 without 50 · national office

$645.31

Bone lesion excision, talus or calcaneus

28100-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$967.96

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

Codes related to 28100

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 28100
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Utah
Same family
28102Bone lesion excision, tarsal or metatarsal, autograftGrafted sibling procedure for a talus or calcaneus lesion.No office rate
28103Foot bone lesion, tarsal or metatarsal, autograftAnother grafted sibling procedure for a talus or calcaneus lesion.No office rate
28104Bone lesion excision, tarsal or metatarsal, without graftSimilar lesion treatment for a tarsal bone other than the talus or calcaneus.$517.70
Used instead
28120Bone excision, talus or calcaneusPartial bone excision may be appropriate when the documented procedure is broader than lesion curettage.$658.46

How 28100 has changed in Utah

28100 · Office / nonfacility

$616.72

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $47.36 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $569.36 to $616.72 (8.3%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $569.36changed to$616.72

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 5.83 changed to 5.68
    • Practice expense RVU 11.80 changed to 12.75
    • Malpractice RVU 0.82 changed to 0.89
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.933 changed to 0.940
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.930 changed to 0.898

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $584.37changed to$569.36

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 11.75 changed to 11.80

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $574.84changed to$584.37

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $588.05changed to$574.84

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 11.65 changed to 11.75
    • Malpractice RVU 0.85 changed to 0.82
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.926 changed to 0.933
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.865 changed to 0.930

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $592.90changed to$588.05

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 11.56 changed to 11.65
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.919 changed to 0.926
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.799 changed to 0.865

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $600.80changed to$592.90

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 11.74 changed to 11.56
    • Malpractice RVU 0.75 changed to 0.85

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $604.82changed to$600.80

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 11.00 changed to 11.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.79 changed to 0.75
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.923 changed to 0.919
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.982 changed to 0.799

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $612.51changed to$604.82

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 11.09 changed to 11.00
    • Malpractice RVU 0.76 changed to 0.79
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.927 changed to 0.923
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.165 changed to 0.982

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $613.26changed to$612.51

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 11.12 changed to 11.09
    • Malpractice RVU 0.77 changed to 0.76

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $603.57changed to$613.26

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 10.92 changed to 11.12
    • Malpractice RVU 0.76 changed to 0.77
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.925 changed to 0.927
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.167 changed to 1.165

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $601.54changed to$603.57

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 10.91 changed to 10.92
    • Malpractice RVU 0.78 changed to 0.76
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.922 changed to 0.925
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.169 changed to 1.167

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $608.11changed to$601.54

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 11.03 changed to 10.91
    • Malpractice RVU 0.79 changed to 0.78

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $605.08changed to$608.11

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $593.11changed to$605.08

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 10.77 changed to 11.03
    • Malpractice RVU 0.73 changed to 0.79
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.919 changed to 0.922
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.136 changed to 1.169

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $603.32changed to$593.11

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 12.08 changed to 10.77
    • Malpractice RVU 0.76 changed to 0.73
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.916 changed to 0.919
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.102 changed to 1.136

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $603.32

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$616.72$389.41RVU26D
2026-07-01$616.72$389.41RVU26C
2026-04-01$616.72$389.41RVU26B
2026-01-01$616.72$389.41RVU26A
2025-10-01$569.36$399.76RVU25D
2025-07-01$569.36$399.76RVU25C
2025-04-01$569.36$399.76RVU25B
2025-01-01$569.36$399.76RVU25A
2024-10-01$584.37$406.42RVU24D
2024-07-01$584.37$406.42RVU24C
2024-04-01$584.37$406.42RVU24B
2024-03-09$584.37$406.42RVU24AR
2024-01-01$574.84$399.78RVU24A
2023-10-01$588.05$406.36RVU23D
2023-07-01$588.05$406.36RVU23C
2023-04-01$588.05$406.36RVU23B
2023-01-01$588.05$406.36RVU23A
2022-10-01$592.90$407.49RVU22D
2022-07-01$592.90$407.49RVU22C
2022-04-01$592.90$407.49RVU22B
2022-01-01$592.90$407.49RVU22A
2021-10-01$600.80$405.51RVU21D
2021-07-01$600.80$405.51RVU21C
2021-04-01$600.80$405.51RVU21B
2021-01-01$600.80$405.51RVU21A
2020-10-01$604.82$416.95RVU20D
2020-07-01$604.82$416.95RVU20C
2020-04-01$604.82$416.95RVU20B
2020-01-01$604.82$416.95RVU20A
2019-10-01$612.51$421.75RVU19D
2019-07-01$612.51$421.75RVU19C
2019-04-01$612.51$421.75RVU19B
2019-01-01$612.51$421.75RVU19A
2018-10-01$613.26$421.38RVU18D
2018-07-01$613.26$421.38RVU18C
2018-04-01$613.26$421.38RVU18B
2018-01-01$613.26$421.38RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$603.57$416.67RVU17D
2017-07-01$603.57$416.67RVU17C
2017-04-01$603.57$416.67RVU17B
2017-01-01$603.57$416.67RVU17A
2016-10-01$601.54$415.36RVU16D
2016-07-01$601.54$415.36RVU16C
2016-04-01$601.54$415.36RVU16B
2016-01-01$601.54$415.36RVU16A
2015-10-01$608.11$419.26RVU15D
2015-07-01$608.11$419.26RVU15C
2015-04-01$605.08$417.18RVU15B
2015-01-01$605.08$417.18RVU15A
2014-10-01$593.11$409.74RVU14D
2014-07-01$593.11$409.74RVU14C
2014-04-01$593.11$409.74RVU14B
2014-01-01$593.11$409.74RVU14A
2013-10-01$603.32$406.36RVU13D
2013-07-01$603.32$406.36RVU13C
2013-04-01$603.32$406.36RVU13B
2013-01-01$603.32$406.36RVU13AR

Price 28100 for an earlier date of service

Where the Utah rate applies

Utah is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 334 cities and communities in Utah. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Alpine
  • Alta
  • Altamont
  • Alton
  • Amalga
  • American Fork
  • Aneth
  • Annabella

Browse all communities in Utah

28100 billing questions

When should I choose this code instead of 28102 or 28103?

Use 28100 for a talus or calcaneus lesion treated without a graft. Codes 28102 and 28103 are the grafted sibling procedures.

Can I report this for a lesion in another tarsal bone?

No. This code is specific to the talus or calcaneus. Code 28104 is for a bone cyst or benign tumor in another tarsal bone.

Is routine postoperative care separately reported?

Related postoperative care during the 90-day global period is included, as is the day-before preoperative visit.

How is bilateral surgery paid?

CMS lists bilateral reporting with modifier 50 at 150% payment. Document the procedure on both sides.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment may be made. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28100PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,117 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for UtahGPCI2026.csv, line 104 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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