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CPT code 28288: Toe bone removal, phalangeal head2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Connecticut

Reports partial removal of a toe phalanx head, commonly to relieve a painful bony prominence or pressure associated with a toe deformity.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality2.5K Medicare services in 2024

In Connecticut, Medicare pays $649.43 for 28288 in the office and $440.43 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$649.43Office (non-facility)
$440.43Hospital or facility
+6.4%vs the national office rate ($610.57)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28288 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28288 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Connecticut
  2. What 28288 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28288 covers

A foot surgeon, commonly an orthopedic surgeon or podiatrist, removes part of a toe phalanx head to address a painful bony prominence and related pressure or irritation. The procedure may be performed in a surgical facility or office-based setting, depending on the case. The operative note should identify the toe and bone treated, the prominence or deformity prompting surgery, and the extent of bone removed.

Report 28288 for partial removal involving the head of a toe phalanx, rather than a different phalangeal site or a procedure directed at correcting the toe deformity itself. This major surgery has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the others are subject to the standard multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Connecticut compares for 28288

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28288 runs from $544.31 in Arkansas to $794.77 in San Benito County, CA. Connecticut pays $649.43. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28288 in Connecticut vs other payment areas
  1. Connecticut · this page$649.43
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$682.67+$33.24
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$693.46+$44.03
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$661.36+$11.93
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$643.31−$6.12
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$699.90+$50.47
  7. Alaska · Alaska$723.87+$74.44

Other areas in Connecticut first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28288 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$551.74$381.94
ArkansasArkansas$544.31$377.61
ArizonaArizona$595.15$407.11
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$643.03$430.34
Chico, CACalifornia$640.97$428.29
El Centro, CACalifornia$641.09$428.40
Fresno, CACalifornia$640.97$428.29
Hanford, CACalifornia$640.97$428.29

28288 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$544.31

$723.87

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28288 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$723.871
AL$551.741
AR$544.311
AZ$595.151
CA$640.97–$794.7729
CO$633.021
CT$649.431
DC$693.461
DE$604.551
FL$604.75–$661.363
GA$572.62–$621.992
GU$654.681
HI$654.681
IA$563.571
ID$567.261
IL$589.27–$643.314
IN$570.291
KS$561.691
KY$565.151
LA$564.56–$590.542
MA$629.86–$692.122
MD$615.37–$693.463
ME$570.64–$598.662
MI$579.41–$612.442
MN$605.941
MO$555.91–$591.813
MS$550.181
MT$610.521
NC$576.121
ND$597.081
NE$566.271
NH$623.791
NJ$656.66–$687.152
NM$582.611
NV$607.171
NY$584.23–$716.635
OH$576.661
OK$563.581
OR$602.26–$651.382
PA$577.19–$634.542
PR$614.541
RI$624.771
SC$577.391
SD$595.491
TN$564.401
TX$573.69–$631.108
UT$584.741
VA$597.23–$693.462
VI$614.541
VT$595.431
WA$628.45–$705.152
WI$578.401
WV$569.031
WY$604.661

See 28288 in every payment locality

How the 28288 rate is calculated

Each of 28288’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28288

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work5.87

5.87 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense11.73

11.73 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.68

0.68 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

18.2800

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$610.57

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Connecticut inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,170

Code
28288
Physician work
5.87
Practice expense
11.73
Malpractice
0.68

GPCI2026.csv

38

Locality
Connecticut
Physician work
1.020
Practice expense
1.077
Malpractice
1.210
Office calculation for 28288 in Connecticut
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work5.87× 1.0205.9874
Practice expense11.73× 1.07712.6332
Malpractice0.68× 1.2100.8228
Total RVUs19.4434
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Connecticut$649.43

Office: (5.87 × 1.02 + 11.73 × 1.077 + 0.68 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $649.43

Facility: (5.87 × 1.02 + 5.92 × 1.077 + 0.68 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $440.43

Open 28288 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28288

28288 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28288

Toe bone removal, phalangeal head

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28288

Toe bone removal, phalangeal head

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28288 without 51 · national office

$610.57

Toe bone removal, phalangeal head

28288-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$305.29

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

Codes related to 28288

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 28288
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Connecticut
Used instead
28124Toe bone excision, partial phalanx excisionFor partial excision of toe phalanx bone at a site other than the phalangeal head.$503.61
28126Toe bone excision, complete phalanx removalFor resection of a condyle at the distal end of a toe phalanx.$411.85
28285Hammertoe repair, lesser-toe deformity correctionFor surgical correction of a hammertoe rather than isolated phalangeal-head bone removal.$582.99
28110Metatarsal resection, partial fifth-head excisionFor partial removal of the fifth metatarsal head when the prominence is at that bone.$497.48

How 28288 has changed in Connecticut

28288 · Office / nonfacility

$649.43

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $23.83 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $625.60 to $649.43 (3.8%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $625.60changed to$649.43

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 6.02 changed to 5.87
    • Practice expense RVU 11.38 changed to 11.73
    • Malpractice RVU 0.64 changed to 0.68
    • Work GPCI 1.022 changed to 1.020
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.091 changed to 1.077
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.207 changed to 1.210

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $647.87changed to$625.60

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 11.47 changed to 11.38
    • Malpractice RVU 0.66 changed to 0.64

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $637.29changed to$647.87

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $655.30changed to$637.29

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 11.29 changed to 11.47
    • Malpractice RVU 0.65 changed to 0.66
    • Work GPCI 1.030 changed to 1.022
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.102 changed to 1.091
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.070 changed to 1.207

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $668.70changed to$655.30

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 11.18 changed to 11.29
    • Malpractice RVU 0.67 changed to 0.65
    • Work GPCI 1.037 changed to 1.030
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.114 changed to 1.102
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.934 changed to 1.070

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $681.36changed to$668.70

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 11.38 changed to 11.18
    • Malpractice RVU 0.65 changed to 0.67

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $687.06changed to$681.36

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 10.91 changed to 11.38
    • Malpractice RVU 0.64 changed to 0.65
    • Work GPCI 1.029 changed to 1.037
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.113 changed to 1.114
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.094 changed to 0.934

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $688.83changed to$687.06

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 10.95 changed to 10.91
    • Malpractice RVU 0.63 changed to 0.64
    • Work GPCI 1.021 changed to 1.029
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.112 changed to 1.113
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.255 changed to 1.094

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $684.02changed to$688.83

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 10.86 changed to 10.95
    • Malpractice RVU 0.62 changed to 0.63

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $681.65changed to$684.02

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 10.80 changed to 10.86
    • Work GPCI 1.023 changed to 1.021
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.117 changed to 1.112
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.244 changed to 1.255

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $682.38changed to$681.65

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 10.81 changed to 10.80
    • Malpractice RVU 0.63 changed to 0.62
    • Work GPCI 1.024 changed to 1.023
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.121 changed to 1.117
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.232 changed to 1.244

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $683.27changed to$682.38

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 10.76 changed to 10.81
    • Malpractice RVU 0.64 changed to 0.63

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $679.87changed to$683.27

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $675.69changed to$679.87

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 10.67 changed to 10.76
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.116 changed to 1.121
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.234 changed to 1.232

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $680.50changed to$675.69

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 11.72 changed to 10.67
    • Malpractice RVU 0.67 changed to 0.64
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.110 changed to 1.116
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.235 changed to 1.234

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $680.50

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$649.43$440.43RVU26D
2026-07-01$649.43$440.43RVU26C
2026-04-01$649.43$440.43RVU26B
2026-01-01$649.43$440.43RVU26A
2025-10-01$625.60$457.97RVU25D
2025-07-01$625.60$457.97RVU25C
2025-04-01$625.60$457.97RVU25B
2025-01-01$625.60$457.97RVU25A
2024-10-01$647.87$468.46RVU24D
2024-07-01$647.87$468.46RVU24C
2024-04-01$647.87$468.46RVU24B
2024-03-09$647.87$468.46RVU24AR
2024-01-01$637.29$460.82RVU24A
2023-10-01$655.30$468.58RVU23D
2023-07-01$655.30$468.58RVU23C
2023-04-01$655.30$468.58RVU23B
2023-01-01$655.30$468.58RVU23A
2022-10-01$668.70$472.09RVU22D
2022-07-01$668.70$472.09RVU22C
2022-04-01$668.70$472.09RVU22B
2022-01-01$668.70$472.09RVU22A
2021-10-01$681.36$472.24RVU21D
2021-07-01$681.36$472.24RVU21C
2021-04-01$681.36$472.24RVU21B
2021-01-01$681.36$472.24RVU21A
2020-10-01$687.06$481.80RVU20D
2020-07-01$687.06$481.80RVU20C
2020-04-01$687.06$481.80RVU20B
2020-01-01$687.06$481.80RVU20A
2019-10-01$688.83$482.84RVU19D
2019-07-01$688.83$482.84RVU19C
2019-04-01$688.83$482.84RVU19B
2019-01-01$688.83$482.84RVU19A
2018-10-01$684.02$479.06RVU18D
2018-07-01$684.02$479.06RVU18C
2018-04-01$684.02$479.06RVU18B
2018-01-01$684.02$479.06RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$681.65$477.60RVU17D
2017-07-01$681.65$477.60RVU17C
2017-04-01$681.65$477.60RVU17B
2017-01-01$681.65$477.60RVU17A
2016-10-01$682.38$478.09RVU16D
2016-07-01$682.38$478.09RVU16C
2016-04-01$682.38$478.09RVU16B
2016-01-01$682.38$478.09RVU16A
2015-10-01$683.27$478.24RVU15D
2015-07-01$683.27$478.24RVU15C
2015-04-01$679.87$475.86RVU15B
2015-01-01$679.87$475.86RVU15A
2014-10-01$675.69$475.00RVU14D
2014-07-01$675.69$475.00RVU14C
2014-04-01$675.69$475.00RVU14B
2014-01-01$675.69$475.00RVU14A
2013-10-01$680.50$470.52RVU13D
2013-07-01$680.50$470.52RVU13C
2013-04-01$680.50$470.52RVU13B
2013-01-01$680.50$470.52RVU13AR

Price 28288 for an earlier date of service

Where the Connecticut rate applies

Connecticut is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 215 cities and communities in Connecticut. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Ansonia
  • Ball Pond
  • Baltic
  • Bantam
  • Bethel
  • Bethlehem Village
  • Bigelow Corners
  • Blue Hills

Browse all communities in Connecticut

28288 billing questions

How does 28288 differ from 28124?

28288 addresses partial removal at the head of a toe phalanx. 28124 is used for partial bone excision from a toe phalanx at a different site.

Is 28288 the code for hammertoe correction?

No. 28288 reports bone removal at a toe phalanx head; 28285 reports hammertoe correction. Use the code that matches the procedure actually performed and documented.

Does the 90-day global period include postoperative visits?

Yes. Related postoperative care for 90 days and the preoperative visit on the day before surgery are included in the global period.

Can modifier 50 be used when both feet are treated?

No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for 28288. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

How are other procedures in the same session paid?

The highest-valued procedure is paid in full, and other procedures performed in the same session are subject to the standard multiple-procedure reduction.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28288PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,170 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for ConnecticutGPCI2026.csv, line 38 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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