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CPT code 28289: Hallux rigidus surgery, without implant2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Carolina

Reports operative treatment of hallux rigidus at the first metatarsophalangeal joint using cheilectomy, debridement, and capsular release without an implant.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality6.4K Medicare services in 2024

In South Carolina, Medicare pays $664.35 for 28289 in the office and $420.54 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$664.35Office (non-facility)
$420.54Hospital or facility
−5.5%vs the national office rate ($702.75)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28289 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28289 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Carolina
  2. What 28289 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28289 covers

This operation treats hallux rigidus, a painful, stiff first metatarsophalangeal joint, by removing limiting bone and diseased tissue and releasing the joint capsule. It is typically performed by an orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon or podiatric surgeon in an operating room or ambulatory surgery setting. The defining distinction from the related implant procedure is that no implant is used.

Report the service when the operative note supports the hallux rigidus correction and its components at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The code has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery services may be paid; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Carolina compares for 28289

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28289 runs from $625.71 in Arkansas to $913.32 in San Benito County, CA. South Carolina pays $664.35. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28289 in South Carolina vs other payment areas
  1. South Carolina · this page$664.35
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$784.88+$120.53
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$798.15+$133.80
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$764.10+$99.75
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$742.91+$78.56
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$806.47+$142.12
  7. Alaska · Alaska$831.80+$167.45

Other areas in South Carolina first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28289 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$634.34$403.46
ArkansasArkansas$625.71$399.05
ArizonaArizona$684.77$429.08
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$739.25$450.05
Chico, CACalifornia$736.75$447.55
El Centro, CACalifornia$736.89$447.69
Fresno, CACalifornia$736.75$447.55
Hanford, CACalifornia$736.75$447.55

28289 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$625.71

$831.80

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28289 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$831.801
AL$634.341
AR$625.711
AZ$684.771
CA$736.75–$913.3229
CO$728.101
CT$747.791
DC$798.151
DE$695.651
FL$697.07–$764.103
GA$659.55–$716.272
GU$752.581
HI$752.581
IA$647.591
ID$651.981
IL$679.41–$742.914
IN$655.491
KS$645.651
KY$650.431
LA$649.84–$680.032
MA$724.50–$796.172
MD$708.10–$798.153
ME$656.16–$688.352
MI$667.23–$706.262
MN$696.051
MO$639.94–$681.223
MS$632.891
MT$702.701
NC$662.481
ND$686.091
NE$650.661
NH$717.691
NJ$755.86–$790.812
NM$671.051
NV$698.521
NY$671.93–$826.225
OH$663.841
OK$648.361
OR$692.62–$749.112
PA$664.32–$730.662
PR$707.281
RI$718.841
SC$664.351
SD$684.131
TN$648.821
TX$660.27–$726.108
UT$672.901
VA$686.86–$798.152
VI$707.281
VT$684.401
WA$722.82–$810.992
WI$664.441
WV$655.911
WY$695.461

See 28289 in every payment locality

How the 28289 rate is calculated

Each of 28289’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28289

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work6.73

6.73 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense13.47

13.47 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.84

0.84 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

21.0400

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$702.75

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Carolina inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,171

Code
28289
Physician work
6.73
Practice expense
13.47
Malpractice
0.84

GPCI2026.csv

93

Locality
South Carolina
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.924
Malpractice
0.850
Office calculation for 28289 in South Carolina
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work6.73× 1.0006.7300
Practice expense13.47× 0.92412.4463
Malpractice0.84× 0.8500.7140
Total RVUs19.8903
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Carolina$664.35

Office: (6.73 × 1 + 13.47 × 0.924 + 0.84 × 0.85) × $33.4009 = $664.35

Facility: (6.73 × 1 + 5.57 × 0.924 + 0.84 × 0.85) × $33.4009 = $420.54

Open 28289 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28289

28289 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28289

Hallux rigidus surgery, without implant

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28289

Hallux rigidus surgery, without implant

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28289 without 50 · national office

$702.75

Hallux rigidus surgery, without implant

28289-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$1,054.13

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

Codes related to 28289

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 28289
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, South Carolina
Same family
28291Hallux rigidus surgery, with implantHallux rigidus correction at the same joint, distinguished by use of an implant.$637.45

How 28289 has changed in South Carolina

28289 · Office / nonfacility

$664.35

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $39.08 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $625.27 to $664.35 (6.3%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $625.27changed to$664.35

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 6.90 changed to 6.73
    • Practice expense RVU 12.89 changed to 13.47
    • Malpractice RVU 0.81 changed to 0.84
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.913 changed to 0.924
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.817 changed to 0.850

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $645.92changed to$625.27

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 12.98 changed to 12.89
    • Malpractice RVU 0.80 changed to 0.81

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $635.38changed to$645.92

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $648.53changed to$635.38

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 12.82 changed to 12.98
    • Malpractice RVU 0.79 changed to 0.80
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.908 changed to 0.913
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.756 changed to 0.817

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $653.09changed to$648.53

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 12.65 changed to 12.82
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.903 changed to 0.908
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.695 changed to 0.756

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $674.23changed to$653.09

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 13.18 changed to 12.65
    • Malpractice RVU 0.75 changed to 0.79

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $689.17changed to$674.23

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 12.91 changed to 13.18
    • Malpractice RVU 0.78 changed to 0.75
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.907 changed to 0.903
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.624 changed to 0.695

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $704.37changed to$689.17

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 13.41 changed to 12.91
    • Malpractice RVU 0.75 changed to 0.78
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.912 changed to 0.907
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.553 changed to 0.624

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $718.90changed to$704.37

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 13.87 changed to 13.41
    • Malpractice RVU 0.76 changed to 0.75

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $720.43changed to$718.90

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 13.91 changed to 13.87
    • Malpractice RVU 0.77 changed to 0.76
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.634 changed to 0.553

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $709.45changed to$720.43

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Work RVU 8.31 changed to 6.90
    • Practice expense RVU 11.87 changed to 13.91
    • Malpractice RVU 0.95 changed to 0.77
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.715 changed to 0.634

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $713.77changed to$709.45

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 11.90 changed to 11.87
    • Malpractice RVU 0.98 changed to 0.95

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $710.21changed to$713.77

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $703.92changed to$710.21

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 11.79 changed to 11.90
    • Malpractice RVU 0.97 changed to 0.98
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.911 changed to 0.912
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.618 changed to 0.715

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $704.20changed to$703.92

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 13.05 changed to 11.79
    • Malpractice RVU 1.01 changed to 0.97
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.909 changed to 0.911
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.520 changed to 0.618

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $704.20

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$664.35$420.54RVU26D
2026-07-01$664.35$420.54RVU26C
2026-04-01$664.35$420.54RVU26B
2026-01-01$664.35$420.54RVU26A
2025-10-01$625.27$433.90RVU25D
2025-07-01$625.27$433.90RVU25C
2025-04-01$625.27$433.90RVU25B
2025-01-01$625.27$433.90RVU25A
2024-10-01$645.92$442.30RVU24D
2024-07-01$645.92$442.30RVU24C
2024-04-01$645.92$442.30RVU24B
2024-03-09$645.92$442.30RVU24AR
2024-01-01$635.38$435.08RVU24A
2023-10-01$648.53$440.52RVU23D
2023-07-01$648.53$440.52RVU23C
2023-04-01$648.53$440.52RVU23B
2023-01-01$648.53$440.52RVU23A
2022-10-01$653.09$439.03RVU22D
2022-07-01$653.09$439.03RVU22C
2022-04-01$653.09$439.03RVU22B
2022-01-01$653.09$439.03RVU22A
2021-10-01$674.23$439.18RVU21D
2021-07-01$674.23$439.18RVU21C
2021-04-01$674.23$439.18RVU21B
2021-01-01$674.23$439.18RVU21A
2020-10-01$689.17$447.93RVU20D
2020-07-01$689.17$447.93RVU20C
2020-04-01$689.17$447.93RVU20B
2020-01-01$689.17$447.93RVU20A
2019-10-01$704.37$448.66RVU19D
2019-07-01$704.37$448.66RVU19C
2019-04-01$704.37$448.66RVU19B
2019-01-01$704.37$448.66RVU19A
2018-10-01$718.90$449.68RVU18D
2018-07-01$718.90$449.68RVU18C
2018-04-01$718.90$449.68RVU18B
2018-01-01$718.90$449.68RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$720.43$452.04RVU17D
2017-07-01$720.43$452.04RVU17C
2017-04-01$720.43$452.04RVU17B
2017-01-01$720.43$452.04RVU17A
2016-10-01$709.45$533.12RVU16D
2016-07-01$709.45$533.12RVU16C
2016-04-01$709.45$533.12RVU16B
2016-01-01$709.45$533.12RVU16A
2015-10-01$713.77$536.14RVU15D
2015-07-01$713.77$536.14RVU15C
2015-04-01$710.21$533.48RVU15B
2015-01-01$710.21$533.48RVU15A
2014-10-01$703.92$529.65RVU14D
2014-07-01$703.92$529.65RVU14C
2014-04-01$703.92$529.65RVU14B
2014-01-01$703.92$529.65RVU14A
2013-10-01$704.20$519.56RVU13D
2013-07-01$704.20$519.56RVU13C
2013-04-01$704.20$519.56RVU13B
2013-01-01$704.20$519.56RVU13AR

Price 28289 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Carolina rate applies

South Carolina is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 475 cities and communities in South Carolina. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Abbeville
  • Abney Crossroads
  • Adams Run
  • Aiken
  • Alcolu
  • Allendale
  • Anderson
  • Andrews

Browse all communities in South Carolina

28289 billing questions

How does this differ from 28291?

Both address hallux rigidus at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Use 28289 for the correction without an implant; 28291 is the implant procedure.

What should the operative note support?

Document hallux rigidus, the affected first metatarsophalangeal joint, the correction performed, and whether an implant was used. The note should support the reported service rather than only describing a general bunion or toe procedure.

Does the code include postoperative visits?

Yes. The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.

How is bilateral surgery reported?

When the procedure is performed bilaterally, modifier 50 applies, and CMS pays the bilateral procedure at 150%.

How are other procedures in the same session paid?

Under the standard multiple procedure reduction, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the other procedures are paid at 50%.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery services may be paid. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28289PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,171 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South CarolinaGPCI2026.csv, line 93 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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