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CPT code 28510: Toe fracture care, without manipulation2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Ohio

Reports closed treatment without manipulation of a phalangeal fracture in a toe other than the great toe, with follow-up care included in the global period.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality9.3K Medicare services in 2024

In Ohio, Medicare pays $123.33 for 28510 in the office and $117.84 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$123.33Office (non-facility)
$117.84Hospital or facility
−5.8%vs the national office rate ($130.93)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28510 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28510 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Ohio
  2. What 28510 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28510 covers

This code covers closed treatment of a fracture in one or more phalanges of a toe other than the great toe, when the physician or other qualified practitioner does not manipulate the fracture. A typical case is a lesser-toe fracture managed with measures such as buddy taping or protective footwear. Orthopedic clinicians, podiatrists, and other practitioners who manage foot injuries may provide this care in an office or facility setting.

Report it when the record supports the fracture’s location and closed treatment without manipulation. The code has a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% multiple-procedure reduction. Bilateral adjustment does not apply. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Ohio compares for 28510

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28510 runs from $116.12 in Arkansas to $171.62 in San Benito County, CA. Ohio pays $123.33. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28510 in Ohio vs other payment areas
  1. Ohio · this page$123.33
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$146.88+$23.55
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$149.19+$25.86
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$142.19+$18.86
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$138.13+$14.80
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$150.54+$27.21
  7. Alaska · Alaska$153.43+$30.10

Other areas in Ohio first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28510 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$117.78$112.52
ArkansasArkansas$116.12$110.95
ArizonaArizona$127.49$121.66
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$138.13$131.54
Chico, CACalifornia$137.69$131.10
El Centro, CACalifornia$137.71$131.12
Fresno, CACalifornia$137.69$131.10
Hanford, CACalifornia$137.69$131.10

28510 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$116.12

$154.66

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28510 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$153.431
AL$117.781
AR$116.121
AZ$127.491
CA$137.69–$171.6229
CO$135.911
CT$139.511
DC$149.191
DE$129.561
FL$129.59–$142.193
GA$122.41–$133.462
GU$140.861
HI$140.861
IA$120.441
ID$121.261
IL$126.11–$138.134
IN$121.941
KS$120.011
KY$120.751
LA$120.62–$126.432
MA$135.18–$148.982
MD$131.96–$149.193
ME$122.01–$128.292
MI$123.94–$131.292
MN$129.951
MO$118.68–$126.733
MS$117.411
MT$130.921
NC$123.241
ND$127.961
NE$121.051
NH$133.911
NJ$141.02–$147.732
NM$124.651
NV$130.181
NY$125.05–$154.265
OH$123.331
OK$120.411
OR$129.09–$140.012
PA$123.45–$136.192
PR$131.821
RI$134.011
SC$123.501
SD$127.601
TN$120.621
TX$122.67–$135.538
UT$125.151
VA$127.97–$149.192
VI$131.821
VT$127.581
WA$134.88–$151.862
WI$123.781
WV$121.581
WY$129.631

See 28510 in every payment locality

How the 28510 rate is calculated

Each of 28510’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28510

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work1.14

1.14 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense2.63

2.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.15

0.15 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

3.9200

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$130.93

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Ohio inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,220

Code
28510
Physician work
1.14
Practice expense
2.63
Malpractice
0.15

GPCI2026.csv

85

Locality
Ohio
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.913
Malpractice
1.008
Office calculation for 28510 in Ohio
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work1.14× 1.0001.1400
Practice expense2.63× 0.9132.4012
Malpractice0.15× 1.0080.1512
Total RVUs3.6924
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Ohio$123.33

Office: (1.14 × 1 + 2.63 × 0.913 + 0.15 × 1.008) × $33.4009 = $123.33

Facility: (1.14 × 1 + 2.45 × 0.913 + 0.15 × 1.008) × $33.4009 = $117.84

Open 28510 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28510

28510 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28510

Toe fracture care, without manipulation

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28510

Toe fracture care, without manipulation

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28510 without 51 · national office

$130.93

Toe fracture care, without manipulation

28510-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$65.47

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

Codes related to 28510

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 28510
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Ohio
Same family
28515Toe fracture care, with manipulationClosed treatment of a lesser-toe phalangeal fracture when manipulation is performed.$164.17
Used instead
28525Toe fracture repair, lesser toe, open treatmentOpen treatment for a phalangeal fracture in a toe other than the great toe.$541.71
28490Toe fracture care, without manipulationClosed treatment without manipulation for a great-toe phalangeal fracture.$148.70
28495Toe fracture treatment, great toe, with manipulationClosed treatment with manipulation for a great-toe phalangeal fracture.$184.10

How 28510 has changed in Ohio

28510 · Office / nonfacility

$123.33

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $7.39 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $115.94 to $123.33 (6.4%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $115.94changed to$123.33

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 1.17 changed to 1.14
    • Practice expense RVU 2.48 changed to 2.63
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.911 changed to 0.913
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.033 changed to 1.008

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $118.06changed to$115.94

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 2.45 changed to 2.48
    • Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.15

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $116.13changed to$118.06

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $117.63changed to$116.13

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 2.36 changed to 2.45
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.912 changed to 0.911
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.063 changed to 1.033

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $116.75changed to$117.63

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 2.27 changed to 2.36
    • Malpractice RVU 0.12 changed to 0.14
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.913 changed to 0.912
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.094 changed to 1.063

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $117.85changed to$116.75

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 2.25 changed to 2.27
    • Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.12

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $118.80changed to$117.85

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 2.17 changed to 2.25
    • Malpractice RVU 0.13 changed to 0.14
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.915 changed to 0.913
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.049 changed to 1.094

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $119.91changed to$118.80

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 2.21 changed to 2.17
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.917 changed to 0.915
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.005 changed to 1.049

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $121.76changed to$119.91

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 2.27 changed to 2.21

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $120.45changed to$121.76

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 2.24 changed to 2.27
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.918 changed to 0.917
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.999 changed to 1.005

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $120.49changed to$120.45

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.13
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.993 changed to 0.999

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $121.26changed to$120.49

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 2.25 changed to 2.24

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $120.65changed to$121.26

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $120.19changed to$120.65

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 2.21 changed to 2.25
    • Malpractice RVU 0.13 changed to 0.14
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.923 changed to 0.918
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.117 changed to 0.993

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $122.67changed to$120.19

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 2.44 changed to 2.21
    • Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.13
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.927 changed to 0.923
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.240 changed to 1.117

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $122.67

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$123.33$117.84RVU26D
2026-07-01$123.33$117.84RVU26C
2026-04-01$123.33$117.84RVU26B
2026-01-01$123.33$117.84RVU26A
2025-10-01$115.94$115.94RVU25D
2025-07-01$115.94$115.94RVU25C
2025-04-01$115.94$115.94RVU25B
2025-01-01$115.94$115.94RVU25A
2024-10-01$118.06$117.75RVU24D
2024-07-01$118.06$117.75RVU24C
2024-04-01$118.06$117.75RVU24B
2024-03-09$118.06$117.75RVU24AR
2024-01-01$116.13$115.83RVU24A
2023-10-01$117.63$117.01RVU23D
2023-07-01$117.63$117.01RVU23C
2023-04-01$117.63$117.01RVU23B
2023-01-01$117.63$117.01RVU23A
2022-10-01$116.75$115.49RVU22D
2022-07-01$116.75$115.49RVU22C
2022-04-01$116.75$115.49RVU22B
2022-01-01$116.75$115.49RVU22A
2021-10-01$117.85$115.94RVU21D
2021-07-01$117.85$115.94RVU21C
2021-04-01$117.85$115.94RVU21B
2021-01-01$117.85$115.94RVU21A
2020-10-01$118.80$116.82RVU20D
2020-07-01$118.80$116.82RVU20C
2020-04-01$118.80$116.82RVU20B
2020-01-01$118.80$116.82RVU20A
2019-10-01$119.91$117.27RVU19D
2019-07-01$119.91$117.27RVU19C
2019-04-01$119.91$117.27RVU19B
2019-01-01$119.91$117.27RVU19A
2018-10-01$121.76$117.47RVU18D
2018-07-01$121.76$117.47RVU18C
2018-04-01$121.76$117.47RVU18B
2018-01-01$121.76$117.47RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$120.45$117.15RVU17D
2017-07-01$120.45$117.15RVU17C
2017-04-01$120.45$117.15RVU17B
2017-01-01$120.45$117.15RVU17A
2016-10-01$120.49$117.54RVU16D
2016-07-01$120.49$117.54RVU16C
2016-04-01$120.49$117.54RVU16B
2016-01-01$120.49$117.54RVU16A
2015-10-01$121.26$118.29RVU15D
2015-07-01$121.26$118.29RVU15C
2015-04-01$120.65$117.70RVU15B
2015-01-01$120.65$117.70RVU15A
2014-10-01$120.19$116.88RVU14D
2014-07-01$120.19$116.88RVU14C
2014-04-01$120.19$116.88RVU14B
2014-01-01$120.19$116.88RVU14A
2013-10-01$122.67$119.52RVU13D
2013-07-01$122.67$119.52RVU13C
2013-04-01$122.67$119.52RVU13B
2013-01-01$122.67$119.52RVU13AR

Price 28510 for an earlier date of service

Where the Ohio rate applies

Ohio is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 1265 cities and communities in Ohio. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Ada
  • Adamsville
  • Addyston
  • Adelphi
  • Adena
  • Ai
  • Akron

Browse all communities in Ohio

28510 billing questions

When should 28510 be used instead of 28515?

Use 28510 when the lesser-toe fracture is treated closed without manipulation. Use 28515 when manipulation is performed as part of closed treatment.

Does this code include related fracture follow-up?

Yes. Related postoperative care during the 90-day global period is included, along with the day-before preoperative visit.

Can modifier 50 be reported for fractures on both feet?

No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code, so modifier 50 is not used to indicate bilateral treatment.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for 28510. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

What documentation supports 28510?

Document the fractured phalanx and toe, confirm that the toe is not the great toe, and describe closed treatment without manipulation.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28510PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,220 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for OhioGPCI2026.csv, line 85 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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