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CPT code 31512: Laryngeal lesion removal, indirect laryngoscopy2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Utah

Report 31512 when a clinician uses indirect laryngoscopic visualization to remove a lesion from the larynx, rather than only examining or biopsying it.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality

In Utah, Medicare pays $207.41 for 31512 in the office and $109.45 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$207.41Office (non-facility)
$109.45Hospital or facility
−4.3%vs the national office rate ($216.77)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31512 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 31512 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Utah
  2. What 31512 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 31512 covers

An otolaryngologist typically performs this service when an identified laryngeal lesion can be reached and removed under indirect visualization. The clinician views the larynx indirectly and uses an instrument to remove the lesion; this differs from a diagnostic examination alone or a procedure performed with direct operative laryngoscopy. The service may be provided in an office or another setting appropriate to the patient and procedure.

Choose the code for removal, not for inspection alone, biopsy alone, or removal of a foreign body. The operative note should identify the laryngeal lesion, document its removal, and support the indirect approach. This minor procedure has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Utah compares for 31512

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 31512 runs from $192.39 in Arkansas to $281.41 in San Benito County, CA. Utah pays $207.41. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

31512 in Utah vs other payment areas
  1. Utah · this page$207.41
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$241.83+$34.42
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$246.36+$38.95
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$237.31+$29.90
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$230.49+$23.08
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$249.38+$41.97
  7. Alaska · Alaska$255.23+$47.82

Other areas in Utah first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

31512 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$195.12$103.93
ArkansasArkansas$192.39$102.87
ArizonaArizona$211.05$110.07
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$227.67$113.45
Chico, CACalifornia$226.83$112.61
El Centro, CACalifornia$226.88$112.66
Fresno, CACalifornia$226.83$112.61
Hanford, CACalifornia$226.83$112.61

31512 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$192.39

$255.23

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
31512 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$255.231
AL$195.121
AR$192.391
AZ$211.051
CA$226.83–$281.4129
CO$224.401
CT$230.911
DC$246.361
DE$214.461
FL$215.50–$237.313
GA$203.55–$221.162
GU$231.821
HI$231.821
IA$199.061
ID$200.501
IL$210.08–$230.494
IN$201.601
KS$198.561
KY$200.451
LA$200.31–$209.852
MA$223.28–$245.562
MD$218.33–$246.363
ME$201.94–$211.942
MI$205.87–$218.532
MN$214.001
MO$197.25–$210.093
MS$194.841
MT$216.751
NC$203.921
ND$211.021
NE$200.001
NH$221.291
NJ$233.25–$244.022
NM$207.131
NV$215.291
NY$206.91–$255.785
OH$204.701
OK$199.671
OR$213.34–$230.872
PA$204.79–$225.582
PR$218.161
RI$221.611
SC$204.711
SD$210.341
TN$199.581
TX$203.52–$223.908
UT$207.411
VA$211.55–$246.362
VI$218.161
VT$210.591
WA$222.73–$250.072
WI$204.211
WV$202.661
WY$214.251

See 31512 in every payment locality

How the 31512 rate is calculated

Each of 31512’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 31512

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work2.02

2.02 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense4.18

4.18 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.29

0.29 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

6.4900

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$216.77

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Utah inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,579

Code
31512
Physician work
2.02
Practice expense
4.18
Malpractice
0.29

GPCI2026.csv

104

Locality
Utah
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.940
Malpractice
0.898
Office calculation for 31512 in Utah
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work2.02× 1.0002.0200
Practice expense4.18× 0.9403.9292
Malpractice0.29× 0.8980.2604
Total RVUs6.2096
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Utah$207.41

Office: (2.02 × 1 + 4.18 × 0.94 + 0.29 × 0.898) × $33.4009 = $207.41

Facility: (2.02 × 1 + 1.06 × 0.94 + 0.29 × 0.898) × $33.4009 = $109.45

Open 31512 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 31512

The CMS indicators that decide how 31512 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 31512

Laryngeal lesion removal, indirect laryngoscopy

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

31512 without 51 · national office

$216.77

Laryngeal lesion removal, indirect laryngoscopy

31512-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$108.39

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

Codes related to 31512

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 31512
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Utah
Same family
31505Laryngoscopy, indirect, diagnosticIndirect laryngoscopy for examination without lesion removal.$84.29
31510Laryngoscopy, indirect approach with biopsyIndirect laryngoscopy with biopsy rather than lesion removal.$205.58
31511Laryngeal FB removal, indirect laryngoscopyIndirect laryngoscopy for removal of a laryngeal foreign body.$201.92
31513Vocal-fold injection, indirect approachIndirect laryngoscopy with injection into a vocal cord.No office rate
Used instead
31540Laryngeal excision, without operating scopeLaryngoscopic tumor excision using a direct operative approach.No office rate
31545Vocal cord excision, with operating microscope or telescopeMicrosurgical removal of a vocal cord lesion using an operative scope.No office rate

How 31512 has changed in Utah

31512 · Office / nonfacility

$207.41

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $7.39 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $200.02 to $207.41 (3.7%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $200.02changed to$207.41

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 2.07 changed to 2.02
    • Practice expense RVU 4.12 changed to 4.18
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.933 changed to 0.940
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.930 changed to 0.898

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $207.70changed to$200.02

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 4.17 changed to 4.12
    • Malpractice RVU 0.30 changed to 0.29

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $204.31changed to$207.70

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $209.50changed to$204.31

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Malpractice RVU 0.29 changed to 0.30
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.926 changed to 0.933
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.865 changed to 0.930

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $209.45changed to$209.50

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 4.09 changed to 4.17
    • Malpractice RVU 0.28 changed to 0.29
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.919 changed to 0.926
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.799 changed to 0.865

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $206.74changed to$209.45

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 3.96 changed to 4.09
    • Malpractice RVU 0.27 changed to 0.28

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $205.88changed to$206.74

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 3.64 changed to 3.96
    • Malpractice RVU 0.28 changed to 0.27
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.923 changed to 0.919
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.982 changed to 0.799

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $205.80changed to$205.88

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 3.55 changed to 3.64
    • Malpractice RVU 0.30 changed to 0.28
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.927 changed to 0.923
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.165 changed to 0.982

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $201.15changed to$205.80

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 3.43 changed to 3.55
    • Malpractice RVU 0.29 changed to 0.30

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $202.96changed to$201.15

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 3.51 changed to 3.43
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.925 changed to 0.927
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.167 changed to 1.165

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $202.12changed to$202.96

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.922 changed to 0.925
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.169 changed to 1.167

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $204.69changed to$202.12

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 3.54 changed to 3.51
    • Malpractice RVU 0.31 changed to 0.29

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $203.67changed to$204.69

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $202.59changed to$203.67

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 3.58 changed to 3.54
    • Malpractice RVU 0.26 changed to 0.31
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.919 changed to 0.922
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.136 changed to 1.169

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $205.21changed to$202.59

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 4.00 changed to 3.58
    • Malpractice RVU 0.27 changed to 0.26
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.916 changed to 0.919
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.102 changed to 1.136

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $205.21

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$207.41$109.45RVU26D
2026-07-01$207.41$109.45RVU26C
2026-04-01$207.41$109.45RVU26B
2026-01-01$207.41$109.45RVU26A
2025-10-01$200.02$121.86RVU25D
2025-07-01$200.02$121.86RVU25C
2025-04-01$200.02$121.86RVU25B
2025-01-01$200.02$121.86RVU25A
2024-10-01$207.70$125.09RVU24D
2024-07-01$207.70$125.09RVU24C
2024-04-01$207.70$125.09RVU24B
2024-03-09$207.70$125.09RVU24AR
2024-01-01$204.31$123.05RVU24A
2023-10-01$209.50$125.40RVU23D
2023-07-01$209.50$125.40RVU23C
2023-04-01$209.50$125.40RVU23B
2023-01-01$209.50$125.40RVU23A
2022-10-01$209.45$124.54RVU22D
2022-07-01$209.45$124.54RVU22C
2022-04-01$209.45$124.54RVU22B
2022-01-01$209.45$124.54RVU22A
2021-10-01$206.74$123.69RVU21D
2021-07-01$206.74$123.69RVU21C
2021-04-01$206.74$123.69RVU21B
2021-01-01$206.74$123.69RVU21A
2020-10-01$205.88$128.60RVU20D
2020-07-01$205.88$128.60RVU20C
2020-04-01$205.88$128.60RVU20B
2020-01-01$205.88$128.60RVU20A
2019-10-01$205.80$131.63RVU19D
2019-07-01$205.80$131.63RVU19C
2019-04-01$205.80$131.63RVU19B
2019-01-01$205.80$131.63RVU19A
2018-10-01$201.15$130.73RVU18D
2018-07-01$201.15$130.73RVU18C
2018-04-01$201.15$130.73RVU18B
2018-01-01$201.15$130.73RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$202.96$132.25RVU17D
2017-07-01$202.96$132.25RVU17C
2017-04-01$202.96$132.25RVU17B
2017-01-01$202.96$132.25RVU17A
2016-10-01$202.12$131.81RVU16D
2016-07-01$202.12$131.81RVU16C
2016-04-01$202.12$131.81RVU16B
2016-01-01$202.12$131.81RVU16A
2015-10-01$204.69$133.46RVU15D
2015-07-01$204.69$133.46RVU15C
2015-04-01$203.67$132.79RVU15B
2015-01-01$203.67$132.79RVU15A
2014-10-01$202.59$131.81RVU14D
2014-07-01$202.59$131.81RVU14C
2014-04-01$202.59$131.81RVU14B
2014-01-01$202.59$131.81RVU14A
2013-10-01$205.21$129.17RVU13D
2013-07-01$205.21$129.17RVU13C
2013-04-01$205.21$129.17RVU13B
2013-01-01$205.21$129.17RVU13AR

Price 31512 for an earlier date of service

Where the Utah rate applies

Utah is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 334 cities and communities in Utah. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Alpine
  • Alta
  • Altamont
  • Alton
  • Amalga
  • American Fork
  • Aneth
  • Annabella

Browse all communities in Utah

31512 billing questions

How does 31512 differ from 31505?

31505 is for diagnostic indirect laryngoscopy. Report 31512 when the clinician removes a laryngeal lesion during the indirect examination.

When is 31510 a better choice?

Use 31510 for indirect laryngoscopy with biopsy when tissue is sampled for diagnosis, rather than a lesion being removed as the service.

Can 31512 be reported with another endoscopy on the same date?

Related endoscopies performed together are subject to CMS endoscopy-family pricing. Document the distinct procedures performed; payment follows the applicable family pricing.

Should modifier 50 be used for lesions on both sides?

No. The CMS bilateral adjustment does not apply to 31512, and modifier 50 is inappropriate.

What documentation supports reporting 31512?

Document the laryngeal lesion, the indirect visualization approach, and that the lesion was removed. An assistant-at-surgery claim also requires documentation of medical necessity.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 31512PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,579 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for UtahGPCI2026.csv, line 104 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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