CPT code 31571: Vocal fold injection, microscope or telescope2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Minnesota
Reports therapeutic injection into one or both vocal folds during direct laryngoscopy performed with an operating microscope or telescope.
In Minnesota, Medicare pays $198.85 for 31571 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31571 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 31571 covers
An otolaryngologist uses direct laryngoscopy to reach the vocal folds and deliver a therapeutic injection under an operating microscope or telescope. For example, a surgeon may inject a vocal fold scar with medication under magnified visualization. The operative note should identify the treated fold or folds, injected agent, therapeutic indication, and use of the microscope or telescope.
Report 31571 when the direct laryngoscopic injection includes this magnified instrumentation; 31570 describes the related injection without it. Distinguish therapeutic injection from injection intended to augment a vocal fold, which is represented by a different approach and code. The CMS global period is 0 days, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies when related endoscopies are performed together. For bilateral treatment, report the service without modifier 50; the descriptor and anatomy make that modifier inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery, and co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Minnesota compares for 31571
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 31571 runs from $194.27 in Arkansas to $275.17 in Alaska. Minnesota pays $198.85. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Minnesota · this page$198.85
- Los Angeles, CA · California$220.03+$21.18
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$230.57+$31.72
- Miami, FL · Florida$244.23+$45.38
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$238.61+$39.76
- Manhattan, NY · New York$240.59+$41.74
- Alaska · Alaska$275.17+$76.32
Other areas in Minnesota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $196.13 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $194.27 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $206.91 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $211.29 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $209.65 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $227.08 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $217.36 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $216.04 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $215.72 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $214.82 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $216.75 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $235.39 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $234.71 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $240.70 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $237.92 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $211.82 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $216.39 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $214.77 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $218.32 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $226.10 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $209.55 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $212.08 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $222.47 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $209.46 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $228.31 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $219.19 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $216.72 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $209.58 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $210.22 |
| IowaIowa | — | $194.86 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $196.64 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $227.53 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $218.12 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $229.29 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $197.27 |
| KansasKansas | — | $196.42 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $203.87 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $211.04 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $204.52 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $225.14 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $212.37 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $222.25 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $211.80 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $199.63 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $203.56 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $223.33 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $209.42 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $207.75 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $208.93 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $203.62 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $198.86 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $211.39 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $200.66 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $199.52 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $194.90 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $211.09 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $229.97 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $223.77 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $211.08 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $208.13 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $247.45 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $226.89 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $238.76 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $202.84 |
| OhioOhio | — | $207.00 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $201.31 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $214.37 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $205.26 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $219.95 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $206.00 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $211.71 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $213.64 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $204.41 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $198.12 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $197.35 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $212.48 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $205.26 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $207.65 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $209.62 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $209.35 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $208.72 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $219.70 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $206.79 |
| UtahUtah | — | $206.22 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $204.64 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $211.71 |
| VermontVermont | — | $201.00 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $211.24 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $226.67 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $195.34 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $213.15 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $206.22 |
31571 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 31571 rate is calculated
Each of 31571’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31571
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work4.15
4.15 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.58
1.58 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.60
0.60 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
6.3300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$211.43
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Minnesota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,604
- Code
- 31571
- Physician work
- 4.15
- Practice expense
- 1.58
- Malpractice
- 0.60
GPCI2026.csv
66
- Locality
- Minnesota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.029
- Malpractice
- 0.296
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 4.15 | × 1.000 | 4.1500 |
| Practice expense | 1.58 | × 1.029 | 1.6258 |
| Malpractice | 0.60 | × 0.296 | 0.1776 |
| Total RVUs | 5.9534 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Minnesota$198.85
Facility: (4.15 × 1 + 1.58 × 1.029 + 0.6 × 0.296) × $33.4009 = $198.85
Payment rules and modifiers for 31571
The CMS indicators that decide how 31571 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 31571
Vocal fold injection, microscope or telescope
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31571 without 51 · national facility
$211.43
Vocal fold injection, microscope or telescope
31571-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$105.72
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 31571 has changed in Minnesota
31571 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $198.85 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $198.85 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $198.85 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $198.85 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $228.79 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $228.79 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $228.79 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $228.79 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $234.32 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $234.32 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $234.32 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $234.32 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $230.49 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.90 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.90 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.90 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.90 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $239.59 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $239.59 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $239.59 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $239.59 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.92 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.92 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.92 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $237.92 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $243.76 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $243.76 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $243.76 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $243.76 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $244.19 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $244.19 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $244.19 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $244.19 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $242.83 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $242.83 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $242.83 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $242.83 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $245.43 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $245.43 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $245.43 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $245.43 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $246.89 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $246.89 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $246.89 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $246.89 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $247.16 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $247.16 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $245.93 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $245.93 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $247.38 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $247.38 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $247.38 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $247.38 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $241.02 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13AR |
Where the Minnesota rate applies
Minnesota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 916 cities and communities in Minnesota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Ada
- Adams
- Adrian
- Afton
- Aitkin
- Akeley
- Albany
- Albert Lea
31571 billing questions
How does 31571 differ from 31570?
Both describe therapeutic injection during direct laryngoscopy. Choose 31571 when the procedure uses an operating microscope or telescope; 31570 is the related code without that instrumentation.
When is 31573 a better fit?
31573 describes therapeutic injection performed with flexible laryngoscopy. 31571 is for direct laryngoscopy with an operating microscope or telescope.
Is 31571 used for vocal fold augmentation?
Use a code for augmentation when the injection is intended to add bulk or improve closure, rather than for another therapeutic purpose. Code 31574 describes flexible laryngoscopy with injection for augmentation.
Can modifier 50 be reported for injections into both vocal folds?
No. Report the service without modifier 50; the descriptor and anatomy make that modifier inappropriate.
What same-day care and related procedures are included in payment?
The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be billed?
Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service. Co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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