CPT code 31571: Vocal fold injection, microscope or telescope2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Montana

Reports therapeutic injection into one or both vocal folds during direct laryngoscopy performed with an operating microscope or telescope.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality5.8K Medicare services in 2024

In Montana, Medicare pays $211.39 for 31571 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$211.39Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31571 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 31571 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Montana
  2. What 31571 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 31571 covers

An otolaryngologist uses direct laryngoscopy to reach the vocal folds and deliver a therapeutic injection under an operating microscope or telescope. For example, a surgeon may inject a vocal fold scar with medication under magnified visualization. The operative note should identify the treated fold or folds, injected agent, therapeutic indication, and use of the microscope or telescope.

Report 31571 when the direct laryngoscopic injection includes this magnified instrumentation; 31570 describes the related injection without it. Distinguish therapeutic injection from injection intended to augment a vocal fold, which is represented by a different approach and code. The CMS global period is 0 days, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies when related endoscopies are performed together. For bilateral treatment, report the service without modifier 50; the descriptor and anatomy make that modifier inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery, and co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Montana compares for 31571

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 31571 runs from $194.27 in Arkansas to $275.17 in Alaska. Montana pays $211.39. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

31571 in Montana vs other payment areas
  1. Montana · this page$211.39
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$220.03+$8.64
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$230.57+$19.18
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$244.23+$32.84
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$238.61+$27.22
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$240.59+$29.20
  7. Alaska · Alaska$275.17+$63.78

Other areas in Montana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

31571 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama—$196.13
ArkansasArkansas—$194.27
ArizonaArizona—$206.91
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$211.29
Chico, CACalifornia—$209.55
El Centro, CACalifornia—$209.65
Fresno, CACalifornia—$209.55
Hanford, CACalifornia—$209.55

31571 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
31571 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 31571 in every payment locality

How the 31571 rate is calculated

Each of 31571’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 31571

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work4.15

4.15 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense1.58

1.58 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.60

0.60 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

6.3300

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$211.43

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Montana inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,604

Code
31571
Physician work
4.15
Practice expense
1.58
Malpractice
0.60

GPCI2026.csv

71

Locality
Montana
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.998
Facility calculation for 31571 in Montana
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work4.15× 1.0004.1500
Practice expense1.58× 1.0001.5800
Malpractice0.60× 0.9980.5988
Total RVUs6.3288
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Montana$211.39

Facility: (4.15 × 1 + 1.58 × 1 + 0.6 × 0.998) × $33.4009 = $211.39

Open 31571 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 31571

The CMS indicators that decide how 31571 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 31571

Vocal fold injection, microscope or telescope

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

31571 without 51 · national facility

$211.43

Vocal fold injection, microscope or telescope

31571-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$105.72

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

How 31571 has changed in Montana

31571 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$211.39RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$211.39RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$211.39RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$211.39RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$240.53RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$240.53RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$240.53RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$240.53RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$246.21RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$246.21RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$246.21RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$246.21RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$242.19RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$249.31RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$249.31RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$249.31RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$249.31RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$251.46RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$251.46RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$251.46RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$251.46RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$249.71RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$249.71RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$249.71RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$249.71RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$262.60RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$262.60RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$262.60RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$262.60RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$271.19RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$271.19RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$271.19RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$271.19RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$269.81RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$269.81RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$269.81RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$269.81RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$268.30RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$268.30RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$268.30RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$268.30RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$265.31RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$265.31RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$265.31RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$265.31RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$265.99RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$265.99RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$264.67RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$264.67RVU15A
2014-10-01Not available in this setting$262.07RVU14D
2014-07-01Not available in this setting$262.07RVU14C
2014-04-01Not available in this setting$262.07RVU14B
2014-01-01Not available in this setting$262.07RVU14A
2013-10-01Not available in this setting$255.02RVU13D
2013-07-01Not available in this setting$255.02RVU13C
2013-04-01Not available in this setting$255.02RVU13B
2013-01-01Not available in this setting$255.02RVU13AR

Price 31571 for an earlier date of service

Where the Montana rate applies

Montana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 497 cities and communities in Montana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Absarokee
  • Acton
  • Alberton
  • Alder
  • Alzada
  • Amsterdam
  • Anaconda-Deer Lodge County
  • Antelope

Browse all communities in Montana

31571 billing questions

How does 31571 differ from 31570?

Both describe therapeutic injection during direct laryngoscopy. Choose 31571 when the procedure uses an operating microscope or telescope; 31570 is the related code without that instrumentation.

When is 31573 a better fit?

31573 describes therapeutic injection performed with flexible laryngoscopy. 31571 is for direct laryngoscopy with an operating microscope or telescope.

Is 31571 used for vocal fold augmentation?

Use a code for augmentation when the injection is intended to add bulk or improve closure, rather than for another therapeutic purpose. Code 31574 describes flexible laryngoscopy with injection for augmentation.

Can modifier 50 be reported for injections into both vocal folds?

No. Report the service without modifier 50; the descriptor and anatomy make that modifier inappropriate.

What same-day care and related procedures are included in payment?

The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be billed?

Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service. Co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 31571PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,604 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for MontanaGPCI2026.csv, line 71 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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