CPT code 31574: Vocal fold injection, flexible scope, unilateral2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Indiana
A laryngologist uses flexible endoscopic guidance to inject augmentation material into one vocal fold, commonly to improve glottic closure and voice.
In Indiana, Medicare pays $836.47 for 31574 in the office and $120.30 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31574 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 31574 covers
An otolaryngologist or laryngologist passes a flexible laryngoscope to visualize the vocal folds and injects material to add bulk to one fold. This is commonly performed for glottic insufficiency, such as when vocal fold paralysis, paresis, or atrophy leaves an incomplete closure affecting voice or airway protection. The procedure may be performed in an office or facility, using an approach such as transoral or percutaneous injection.
Report this code for augmentation of one vocal fold under flexible endoscopic guidance, not for a diagnostic examination alone or an injection with a different therapeutic purpose. The record should identify the treated side, indication, injection approach, and augmentation performed. For bilateral treatment, CMS pays with modifier 50 at 150%. When related endoscopies are performed together, endoscopy family pricing applies. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Indiana compares for 31574
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 31574 runs from $781.69 in Arkansas to $1,263.26 in San Benito County, CA. Indiana pays $836.47. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Indiana · this page$836.47
- Los Angeles, CA · California$1,049.38+$212.91
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$1,051.75+$215.28
- Miami, FL · Florida$953.45+$116.98
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$922.00+$85.53
- Manhattan, NY · New York$1,045.26+$208.79
- Alaska · Alaska$988.70+$152.23
Other areas in Indiana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $795.28 | $119.28 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $781.69 | $118.06 |
| ArizonaArizona | $874.96 | $126.35 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $976.45 | $129.72 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $975.47 | $128.74 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $1,158.68 | $140.44 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $1,047.04 | $133.87 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $979.30 | $132.57 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $1,031.23 | $132.74 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $1,027.59 | $132.19 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $1,057.58 | $133.59 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $1,235.20 | $145.89 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $1,234.79 | $145.48 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $1,263.26 | $149.22 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $1,261.58 | $147.55 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $1,010.27 | $130.32 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $1,072.19 | $133.53 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $1,033.03 | $132.22 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $1,083.45 | $134.74 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $1,158.09 | $139.85 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $975.41 | $128.68 |
| ColoradoColorado | $952.02 | $130.02 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $968.35 | $136.30 |
| DelawareDelaware | $891.28 | $127.99 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $922.08 | $139.47 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $872.20 | $133.63 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $917.45 | $132.53 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $816.58 | $127.46 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $1,007.82 | $129.42 |
| IowaIowa | $825.67 | $118.77 |
| IdahoIdaho | $830.64 | $119.88 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $849.17 | $138.41 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $838.07 | $132.72 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $933.55 | $140.13 |
| KansasKansas | $818.04 | $119.64 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $810.82 | $124.01 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $855.63 | $128.65 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $808.10 | $124.38 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $1,061.01 | $138.57 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $943.61 | $130.11 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $965.12 | $136.16 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $911.36 | $129.52 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $832.43 | $121.67 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $890.09 | $124.48 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $881.70 | $136.18 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $832.85 | $127.50 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $916.87 | $121.90 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $852.10 | $126.66 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $862.94 | $127.46 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $789.64 | $123.69 |
| MississippiMississippi | $786.01 | $120.83 |
| MontanaMontana | $901.80 | $129.24 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $843.17 | $122.37 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $894.68 | $122.12 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $831.93 | $118.85 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $933.56 | $129.32 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $1,037.33 | $141.16 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $980.74 | $137.10 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $836.96 | $128.52 |
| NevadaNevada | $900.63 | $127.29 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $1,070.41 | $151.83 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $984.92 | $138.97 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $1,059.74 | $146.57 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $857.72 | $123.79 |
| OhioOhio | $831.39 | $126.04 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $812.40 | $122.51 |
| Portland, OROregon | $989.99 | $131.68 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $895.01 | $125.54 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $938.81 | $134.57 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $834.69 | $125.48 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $910.56 | $129.50 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $928.78 | $130.72 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $838.41 | $124.56 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $893.84 | $121.28 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $822.49 | $120.23 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $947.63 | $130.26 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $828.01 | $124.98 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $892.52 | $126.91 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $897.59 | $128.11 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $889.64 | $127.89 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $894.71 | $127.56 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $901.30 | $134.15 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $859.32 | $126.15 |
| UtahUtah | $851.96 | $125.75 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $884.51 | $125.08 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $910.56 | $129.50 |
| VermontVermont | $887.78 | $122.94 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $942.94 | $129.43 |
| King County, WAWashington | $1,087.60 | $139.66 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $859.46 | $119.34 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $800.81 | $129.46 |
| WyomingWyoming | $898.70 | $126.14 |
31574 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$781.69
$1,119.34
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $988.70 | 1 |
| AL | $795.28 | 1 |
| AR | $781.69 | 1 |
| AZ | $874.96 | 1 |
| CA | $975.41–$1,263.26 | 29 |
| CO | $952.02 | 1 |
| CT | $968.35 | 1 |
| DC | $1,051.75 | 1 |
| DE | $891.28 | 1 |
| FL | $872.20–$953.45 | 3 |
| GA | $816.58–$917.45 | 2 |
| GU | $1,007.82 | 1 |
| HI | $1,007.82 | 1 |
| IA | $825.67 | 1 |
| ID | $830.64 | 1 |
| IL | $838.07–$933.55 | 4 |
| IN | $836.47 | 1 |
| KS | $818.04 | 1 |
| KY | $810.82 | 1 |
| LA | $808.10–$855.63 | 2 |
| MA | $943.61–$1,061.01 | 2 |
| MD | $911.36–$1,051.75 | 3 |
| ME | $832.43–$890.09 | 2 |
| MI | $832.85–$881.70 | 2 |
| MN | $916.87 | 1 |
| MO | $789.64–$862.94 | 3 |
| MS | $786.01 | 1 |
| MT | $901.80 | 1 |
| NC | $843.17 | 1 |
| ND | $894.68 | 1 |
| NE | $831.93 | 1 |
| NH | $933.56 | 1 |
| NJ | $980.74–$1,037.33 | 2 |
| NM | $836.96 | 1 |
| NV | $900.63 | 1 |
| NY | $857.72–$1,070.41 | 5 |
| OH | $831.39 | 1 |
| OK | $812.40 | 1 |
| OR | $895.01–$989.99 | 2 |
| PA | $834.69–$938.81 | 2 |
| PR | $910.56 | 1 |
| RI | $928.78 | 1 |
| SC | $838.41 | 1 |
| SD | $893.84 | 1 |
| TN | $822.49 | 1 |
| TX | $828.01–$947.63 | 8 |
| UT | $851.96 | 1 |
| VA | $884.51–$1,051.75 | 2 |
| VI | $910.56 | 1 |
| VT | $887.78 | 1 |
| WA | $942.94–$1,087.60 | 2 |
| WI | $859.46 | 1 |
| WV | $800.81 | 1 |
| WY | $898.70 | 1 |
How the 31574 rate is calculated
Each of 31574’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31574
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.37
2.37 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense24.27
24.27 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.36
0.36 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
27.0000
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$901.82
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Indiana inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,607
- Code
- 31574
- Physician work
- 2.37
- Practice expense
- 24.27
- Malpractice
- 0.36
GPCI2026.csv
52
- Locality
- Indiana
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.927
- Malpractice
- 0.486
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 2.37 | × 1.000 | 2.3700 |
| Practice expense | 24.27 | × 0.927 | 22.4983 |
| Malpractice | 0.36 | × 0.486 | 0.1750 |
| Total RVUs | 25.0433 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Indiana$836.47
Office: (2.37 × 1 + 24.27 × 0.927 + 0.36 × 0.486) × $33.4009 = $836.47
Facility: (2.37 × 1 + 1.14 × 0.927 + 0.36 × 0.486) × $33.4009 = $120.30
Payment rules and modifiers for 31574
The CMS indicators that decide how 31574 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 31574
Vocal fold injection, flexible scope, unilateral
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31574 without 50 · national office
$901.82
Vocal fold injection, flexible scope, unilateral
31574-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$1,352.73
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
How 31574 has changed in Indiana
31574 · Office / nonfacility
$836.47
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $34.07 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $802.40 to $836.47 (4.2%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$802.40changed to$836.47
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 2.43 changed to 2.37
- Practice expense RVU 24.08 changed to 24.27
- Practice expense GPCI 0.922 changed to 0.927
- Malpractice GPCI 0.485 changed to 0.486
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$861.04changed to$802.40
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 25.23 changed to 24.08
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$846.98changed to$861.04
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$888.78changed to$846.98
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 25.94 changed to 25.23
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.36
- Practice expense GPCI 0.911 changed to 0.922
- Malpractice GPCI 0.475 changed to 0.485
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$911.50changed to$888.78
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 26.39 changed to 25.94
- Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35
- Practice expense GPCI 0.900 changed to 0.911
- Malpractice GPCI 0.465 changed to 0.475
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$949.83changed to$911.50
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 27.37 changed to 26.39
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$939.23changed to$949.83
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 25.78 changed to 27.37
- Malpractice RVU 0.32 changed to 0.34
- Practice expense GPCI 0.910 changed to 0.900
- Malpractice GPCI 0.422 changed to 0.465
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$953.81changed to$939.23
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 26.01 changed to 25.78
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.32
- Practice expense GPCI 0.919 changed to 0.910
- Malpractice GPCI 0.379 changed to 0.422
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$953.28changed to$953.81
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 26.03 changed to 26.01
- Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$964.47changed to$953.28
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 26.38 changed to 26.03
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.34
- Practice expense GPCI 0.920 changed to 0.919
- Malpractice GPCI 0.498 changed to 0.379
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
No ratechanged to$964.47
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $836.47 | $120.30 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $836.47 | $120.30 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $836.47 | $120.30 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $836.47 | $120.30 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $802.40 | $134.95 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $802.40 | $134.95 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $802.40 | $134.95 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $802.40 | $134.95 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $861.04 | $138.26 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $861.04 | $138.26 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $861.04 | $138.26 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $861.04 | $138.26 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $846.98 | $136.00 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $888.78 | $139.23 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $888.78 | $139.23 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $888.78 | $139.23 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $888.78 | $139.23 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $911.50 | $138.77 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $911.50 | $138.77 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $911.50 | $138.77 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $911.50 | $138.77 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $949.83 | $138.35 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $949.83 | $138.35 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $949.83 | $138.35 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $949.83 | $138.35 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $939.23 | $140.85 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $939.23 | $140.85 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $939.23 | $140.85 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $939.23 | $140.85 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $953.81 | $141.70 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $953.81 | $141.70 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $953.81 | $141.70 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $953.81 | $141.70 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $953.28 | $140.75 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $953.28 | $140.75 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $953.28 | $140.75 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $953.28 | $140.75 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $964.47 | $143.65 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $964.47 | $143.65 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $964.47 | $143.65 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $964.47 | $143.65 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13AR |
Where the Indiana rate applies
Indiana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 974 cities and communities in Indiana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Abington
- Adams
- Adams Lake
- Advance
- Akron
- Alamo
- Albany
31574 billing questions
When is this code appropriate instead of 31573?
Use this code for injection intended to augment a vocal fold, typically to improve closure. Code 31573 describes flexible laryngoscopy with a therapeutic injection, such as chemodenervation, rather than augmentation.
How should bilateral vocal fold augmentation be reported?
Report the bilateral procedure with modifier 50. CMS pays the bilateral procedure at 150%.
Can a diagnostic laryngoscopy be billed separately during the injection?
The flexible scope is used to guide the augmentation procedure. Do not separately report a diagnostic scope for the same examination work.
What documentation supports the service?
Document the indication for augmentation, the vocal fold treated, the flexible endoscopic guidance, and the injection approach and service performed.
How does the global period affect same-day care?
This procedure has a 0-day global period. Same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
Fee sheets · Coming soon
Put 31574 and the rest of your codes on one sheet
Your codes at your locality, with payer contracts beside Medicare.
Join the waitlist