CPT code 31635: Bronchoscopy, foreign body removal2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Report this service when a physician uses bronchoscopy to retrieve a foreign object lodged in the trachea or bronchial airway.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality1.9K Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $316.00 for 31635 in the office and $150.34 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$316.00Office (non-facility)
$150.34Hospital or facility
−2.5%vs the national office rate ($323.99)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31635 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 31635 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 31635 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 31635 covers

A pulmonologist or thoracic surgeon uses a bronchoscope to locate and retrieve an object lodged in the trachea or a bronchus. Typical cases include an aspirated food fragment or another object obstructing the airway. The physician may use retrieval instruments through a flexible or rigid scope, with the approach guided by the object’s location and the patient’s condition. Bronchoscopic foreign body removal is commonly performed in a hospital or other facility setting.

Report 31635 when the bronchoscopic intervention removes a foreign object, and document its airway location, the retrieval performed, and the outcome. The code has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, endoscopy family pricing applies. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Dakota compares for 31635

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 31635 runs from $289.85 in Arkansas to $419.37 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $316.00. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

31635 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$316.00
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$361.24+$45.24
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$367.09+$51.09
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$350.60+$34.60
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$341.34+$25.34
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$370.67+$54.67
  7. Alaska · Alaska$387.25+$71.25

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

31635 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$293.68$148.72
ArkansasArkansas$289.85$147.54
ArizonaArizona$316.03$155.50
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$340.67$159.10
Chico, CACalifornia$339.57$158.00
El Centro, CACalifornia$339.63$158.06
Fresno, CACalifornia$339.57$158.00
Hanford, CACalifornia$339.57$158.00

31635 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$289.85

$387.25

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
31635 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$387.251
AL$293.681
AR$289.851
AZ$316.031
CA$339.57–$419.3729
CO$335.541
CT$344.201
DC$367.091
DE$320.921
FL$321.20–$350.603
GA$304.62–$329.952
GU$346.431
HI$346.431
IA$299.681
ID$301.591
IL$313.29–$341.344
IN$303.151
KS$298.751
KY$300.681
LA$300.40–$313.782
MA$333.97–$366.172
MD$326.52–$367.093
ME$303.38–$317.752
MI$308.08–$325.212
MN$321.351
MO$295.97–$314.383
MS$292.951
MT$323.961
NC$306.201
ND$316.851
NE$301.051
NH$330.721
NJ$348.07–$363.932
NM$309.741
NV$322.181
NY$310.38–$379.355
OH$306.621
OK$299.831
OR$319.61–$344.972
PA$306.87–$336.542
PR$326.021
RI$331.431
SC$306.931
SD$316.001
TN$300.151
TX$305.07–$334.488
UT$310.721
VA$317.04–$367.092
VI$326.021
VT$316.041
WA$333.20–$372.922
WI$307.241
WV$302.871
WY$320.861

See 31635 in every payment locality

How the 31635 rate is calculated

Each of 31635’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 31635

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work3.33

3.33 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense6.01

6.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.36

0.36 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

9.7000

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$323.99

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,644

Code
31635
Physician work
3.33
Practice expense
6.01
Malpractice
0.36

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 31635 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work3.33× 1.0003.3300
Practice expense6.01× 1.0006.0100
Malpractice0.36× 0.3360.1210
Total RVUs9.4610
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$316.00

Office: (3.33 × 1 + 6.01 × 1 + 0.36 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $316.00

Facility: (3.33 × 1 + 1.05 × 1 + 0.36 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $150.34

Open 31635 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 31635

The CMS indicators that decide how 31635 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 31635

Bronchoscopy, foreign body removal

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

31635 without 51 · national office

$323.99

Bronchoscopy, foreign body removal

31635-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$162.00

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

How 31635 has changed in South Dakota

31635 · Office / nonfacility

$316.00

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $39.52 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $276.48 to $316.00 (14.3%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $276.48changed to$316.00

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 3.42 changed to 3.33
    • Practice expense RVU 4.99 changed to 6.01
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $284.11changed to$276.48

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 4.97 changed to 4.99
    • Malpractice RVU 0.38 changed to 0.36

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $279.48changed to$284.11

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $287.06changed to$279.48

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 4.92 changed to 4.97
    • Malpractice RVU 0.36 changed to 0.38
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $296.63changed to$287.06

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 5.03 changed to 4.92
    • Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.36
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $292.33changed to$296.63

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 4.84 changed to 5.03
    • Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $284.21changed to$292.33

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 4.33 changed to 4.84
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $281.69changed to$284.21

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 4.26 changed to 4.33
    • Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.34
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $280.52changed to$281.69

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 4.24 changed to 4.26
    • Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $278.07changed to$280.52

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 4.19 changed to 4.24
    • Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.34
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $347.30changed to$278.07

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Work RVU 3.67 changed to 3.42
    • Practice expense RVU 5.87 changed to 4.19
    • Malpractice RVU 0.40 changed to 0.35
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $349.63changed to$347.30

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 5.90 changed to 5.87

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $347.89changed to$349.63

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $344.40changed to$347.89

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 5.79 changed to 5.90
    • Malpractice RVU 0.37 changed to 0.40
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $352.09changed to$344.40

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 6.51 changed to 5.79
    • Malpractice RVU 0.39 changed to 0.37
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $352.09

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$316.00$150.34RVU26D
2026-07-01$316.00$150.34RVU26C
2026-04-01$316.00$150.34RVU26B
2026-01-01$316.00$150.34RVU26A
2025-10-01$276.48$159.71RVU25D
2025-07-01$276.48$159.71RVU25C
2025-04-01$276.48$159.71RVU25B
2025-01-01$276.48$159.71RVU25A
2024-10-01$284.11$163.61RVU24D
2024-07-01$284.11$163.61RVU24C
2024-04-01$284.11$163.61RVU24B
2024-03-09$284.11$163.61RVU24AR
2024-01-01$279.48$160.94RVU24A
2023-10-01$287.06$165.07RVU23D
2023-07-01$287.06$165.07RVU23C
2023-04-01$287.06$165.07RVU23B
2023-01-01$287.06$165.07RVU23A
2022-10-01$296.63$169.27RVU22D
2022-07-01$296.63$169.27RVU22C
2022-04-01$296.63$169.27RVU22B
2022-01-01$296.63$169.27RVU22A
2021-10-01$292.33$170.21RVU21D
2021-07-01$292.33$170.21RVU21C
2021-04-01$292.33$170.21RVU21B
2021-01-01$292.33$170.21RVU21A
2020-10-01$284.21$174.86RVU20D
2020-07-01$284.21$174.86RVU20C
2020-04-01$284.21$174.86RVU20B
2020-01-01$284.21$174.86RVU20A
2019-10-01$281.69$174.65RVU19D
2019-07-01$281.69$174.65RVU19C
2019-04-01$281.69$174.65RVU19B
2019-01-01$281.69$174.65RVU19A
2018-10-01$280.52$174.68RVU18D
2018-07-01$280.52$174.68RVU18C
2018-04-01$280.52$174.68RVU18B
2018-01-01$280.52$174.68RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$278.07$174.36RVU17D
2017-07-01$278.07$174.36RVU17C
2017-04-01$278.07$174.36RVU17B
2017-01-01$278.07$174.36RVU17A
2016-10-01$347.30$186.18RVU16D
2016-07-01$347.30$186.18RVU16C
2016-04-01$347.30$186.18RVU16B
2016-01-01$347.30$186.18RVU16A
2015-10-01$349.63$187.21RVU15D
2015-07-01$349.63$187.21RVU15C
2015-04-01$347.89$186.28RVU15B
2015-01-01$347.89$186.28RVU15A
2014-10-01$344.40$186.78RVU14D
2014-07-01$344.40$186.78RVU14C
2014-04-01$344.40$186.78RVU14B
2014-01-01$344.40$186.78RVU14A
2013-10-01$352.09$182.99RVU13D
2013-07-01$352.09$182.99RVU13C
2013-04-01$352.09$182.99RVU13B
2013-01-01$352.09$182.99RVU13AR

Price 31635 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

31635 billing questions

How is 31635 different from diagnostic bronchoscopy 31622?

Use 31635 when the bronchoscopy includes retrieval of a foreign object. Use 31622 when the service is diagnostic inspection rather than foreign body removal.

Can diagnostic bronchoscopy be reported with 31635?

The diagnostic inspection is part of the bronchoscopic removal service when performed as part of the same procedure. Endoscopy family pricing applies when related endoscopies are performed together.

Which modifier applies for removal from both lungs?

Modifier 50 is inappropriate for 31635. The code’s descriptor or anatomy makes a bilateral adjustment inapplicable.

Can an assistant surgeon or co-surgeon be reported?

Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for 31635. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted for this service.

What documentation supports reporting 31635?

Document the foreign object, its location in the trachea or bronchial airway, the bronchoscopic retrieval performed, and the result.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 31635PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,644 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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