CPT code 36598: Device evaluation, fluoroscopic contrast study2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota
Use this code to evaluate an existing central venous access device by injecting contrast through it and assessing the device with fluoroscopic imaging.
In South Dakota, Medicare pays $114.35 for 36598 in the office and $28.84 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 36598 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 36598 covers
A clinician injects contrast through an existing central venous access device and uses fluoroscopy to assess its function and position. Radiologists and interventional radiologists commonly perform the study when a port or catheter is suspected of leaking, being obstructed, disconnected, or malpositioned. The service evaluates the device; it is not a catheter insertion or repositioning procedure.
Report the study when the record identifies the device, the reason for evaluation, the contrast injection, and the fluoroscopic findings. Payment for this injection or minor service is available only when no other physician service is billed that day. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. In a same-session multiple-procedure situation, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Modifier 50 results in payment at 150% for a bilateral procedure. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires medical-necessity documentation; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Dakota compares for 36598
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 36598 runs from $102.15 in Arkansas to $157.03 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $114.35. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Dakota · this page$114.35
- Los Angeles, CA · California$132.48+$18.13
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$133.40+$19.05
- Miami, FL · Florida$123.15+$8.80
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$119.54+$5.19
- Manhattan, NY · New York$133.31+$18.96
- Alaska · Alaska$132.69+$18.34
Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $103.70 | $28.88 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $102.15 | $28.70 |
| ArizonaArizona | $112.79 | $29.93 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $124.04 | $30.32 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $123.83 | $30.12 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $144.73 | $32.03 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $131.98 | $30.92 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $124.58 | $30.87 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $130.27 | $30.83 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $129.79 | $30.69 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $133.10 | $30.83 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $153.62 | $33.06 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $153.54 | $32.98 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $157.03 | $33.73 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $156.70 | $33.40 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $127.67 | $30.28 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $134.57 | $30.68 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $130.35 | $30.65 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $135.95 | $30.95 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $144.62 | $31.92 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $123.82 | $30.10 |
| ColoradoColorado | $121.41 | $30.43 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $123.77 | $31.68 |
| DelawareDelaware | $114.71 | $30.23 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $118.95 | $32.34 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $113.14 | $31.39 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $117.88 | $31.00 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $106.68 | $30.41 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $127.18 | $29.96 |
| IowaIowa | $106.88 | $28.64 |
| IdahoIdaho | $107.51 | $28.84 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $111.11 | $32.44 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $109.43 | $31.36 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $120.29 | $32.48 |
| IndianaIndiana | $108.16 | $28.90 |
| KansasKansas | $106.15 | $28.85 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $105.77 | $29.75 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $110.94 | $30.48 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $105.51 | $29.84 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $134.00 | $31.90 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $120.56 | $30.52 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $123.37 | $31.63 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $117.02 | $30.49 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $107.86 | $29.19 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $114.23 | $29.50 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $114.37 | $31.86 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $108.41 | $30.35 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $116.85 | $28.87 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $110.39 | $30.10 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $111.61 | $30.21 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $103.49 | $29.78 |
| MississippiMississippi | $102.85 | $29.23 |
| MontanaMontana | $115.90 | $30.39 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $109.06 | $29.28 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $114.51 | $29.01 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $107.55 | $28.63 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $119.28 | $30.27 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $131.90 | $32.71 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $125.33 | $31.95 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $108.94 | $30.53 |
| NevadaNevada | $115.60 | $30.01 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $136.36 | $34.70 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $125.98 | $32.35 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $134.77 | $33.70 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $110.73 | $29.50 |
| OhioOhio | $108.13 | $30.06 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $105.80 | $29.44 |
| Portland, OROregon | $125.62 | $30.63 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $114.85 | $29.68 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $120.46 | $31.44 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $108.43 | $29.94 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $116.85 | $30.40 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $119.06 | $30.73 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $108.75 | $29.74 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $106.67 | $28.95 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $120.87 | $30.41 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $107.68 | $29.87 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $114.77 | $30.04 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $115.43 | $30.26 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $114.56 | $30.25 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $115.06 | $30.16 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $116.35 | $31.44 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $111.11 | $29.96 |
| UtahUtah | $110.29 | $29.92 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $113.69 | $29.64 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $116.85 | $30.40 |
| VermontVermont | $113.85 | $29.20 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $120.40 | $30.36 |
| King County, WAWashington | $137.00 | $32.08 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $110.52 | $28.61 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $105.18 | $30.88 |
| WyomingWyoming | $115.29 | $29.79 |
36598 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$102.15
$140.43
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $132.69 | 1 |
| AL | $103.70 | 1 |
| AR | $102.15 | 1 |
| AZ | $112.79 | 1 |
| CA | $123.82–$157.03 | 29 |
| CO | $121.41 | 1 |
| CT | $123.77 | 1 |
| DC | $133.40 | 1 |
| DE | $114.71 | 1 |
| FL | $113.14–$123.15 | 3 |
| GA | $106.68–$117.88 | 2 |
| GU | $127.18 | 1 |
| HI | $127.18 | 1 |
| IA | $106.88 | 1 |
| ID | $107.51 | 1 |
| IL | $109.43–$120.29 | 4 |
| IN | $108.16 | 1 |
| KS | $106.15 | 1 |
| KY | $105.77 | 1 |
| LA | $105.51–$110.94 | 2 |
| MA | $120.56–$134.00 | 2 |
| MD | $117.02–$133.40 | 3 |
| ME | $107.86–$114.23 | 2 |
| MI | $108.41–$114.37 | 2 |
| MN | $116.85 | 1 |
| MO | $103.49–$111.61 | 3 |
| MS | $102.85 | 1 |
| MT | $115.90 | 1 |
| NC | $109.06 | 1 |
| ND | $114.51 | 1 |
| NE | $107.55 | 1 |
| NH | $119.28 | 1 |
| NJ | $125.33–$131.90 | 2 |
| NM | $108.94 | 1 |
| NV | $115.60 | 1 |
| NY | $110.73–$136.36 | 5 |
| OH | $108.13 | 1 |
| OK | $105.80 | 1 |
| OR | $114.85–$125.62 | 2 |
| PA | $108.43–$120.46 | 2 |
| PR | $116.85 | 1 |
| RI | $119.06 | 1 |
| SC | $108.75 | 1 |
| SD | $114.35 | 1 |
| TN | $106.67 | 1 |
| TX | $107.68–$120.87 | 8 |
| UT | $110.29 | 1 |
| VA | $113.69–$133.40 | 2 |
| VI | $116.85 | 1 |
| VT | $113.85 | 1 |
| WA | $120.40–$137.00 | 2 |
| WI | $110.52 | 1 |
| WV | $105.18 | 1 |
| WY | $115.29 | 1 |
How the 36598 rate is calculated
Each of 36598’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 36598
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.72
0.72 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense2.68
2.68 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.07
0.07 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.4700
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$115.90
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
4,536
- Code
- 36598
- Physician work
- 0.72
- Practice expense
- 2.68
- Malpractice
- 0.07
GPCI2026.csv
94
- Locality
- South Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.336
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.72 | × 1.000 | 0.7200 |
| Practice expense | 2.68 | × 1.000 | 2.6800 |
| Malpractice | 0.07 | × 0.336 | 0.0235 |
| Total RVUs | 3.4235 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, South Dakota$114.35
Office: (0.72 × 1 + 2.68 × 1 + 0.07 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $114.35
Facility: (0.72 × 1 + 0.12 × 1 + 0.07 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $28.84
Payment rules and modifiers for 36598
The CMS indicators that decide how 36598 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 36598
Device evaluation, fluoroscopic contrast study
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 9 | The concept doesn’t apply. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
36598 without 50 · national office
$115.90
Device evaluation, fluoroscopic contrast study
36598-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$173.85
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
How 36598 has changed in South Dakota
36598 · Office / nonfacility
$114.35
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $2.98 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $111.37 to $114.35 (2.7%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$111.37changed to$114.35
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 0.74 changed to 0.72
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.07
- Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$116.73changed to$111.37
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 2.74 changed to 2.68
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.06
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$114.83changed to$116.73
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$121.50changed to$114.83
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 2.82 changed to 2.74
- Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$125.89changed to$121.50
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 2.87 changed to 2.82
- Malpractice RVU 0.08 changed to 0.07
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$126.34changed to$125.89
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 2.86 changed to 2.87
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.08
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$122.32changed to$126.34
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 2.62 changed to 2.86
- Malpractice RVU 0.08 changed to 0.06
- Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$117.39changed to$122.32
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 2.49 changed to 2.62
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.08
- Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$112.94changed to$117.39
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 2.37 changed to 2.49
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$111.53changed to$112.94
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 2.34 changed to 2.37
- Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$111.28changed to$111.53
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$111.18changed to$111.28
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 2.33 changed to 2.34
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.07
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$110.63changed to$111.18
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$110.66changed to$110.63
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 2.32 changed to 2.33
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.06
- Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$111.26changed to$110.66
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 2.50 changed to 2.32
- Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $111.26
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $114.35 | $28.84 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $114.35 | $28.84 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $114.35 | $28.84 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $114.35 | $28.84 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $111.37 | $32.44 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $111.37 | $32.44 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $111.37 | $32.44 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $111.37 | $32.44 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $116.73 | $33.18 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $116.73 | $33.18 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $116.73 | $33.18 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $116.73 | $33.18 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $114.83 | $32.64 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $121.50 | $34.07 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $121.50 | $34.07 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $121.50 | $34.07 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $121.50 | $34.07 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $125.89 | $34.87 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $125.89 | $34.87 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $125.89 | $34.87 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $125.89 | $34.87 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $126.34 | $34.92 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $126.34 | $34.92 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $126.34 | $34.92 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $126.34 | $34.92 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $122.32 | $36.79 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $122.32 | $36.79 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $122.32 | $36.79 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $122.32 | $36.79 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $117.39 | $36.66 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $117.39 | $36.66 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $117.39 | $36.66 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $117.39 | $36.66 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $112.94 | $36.62 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $112.94 | $36.62 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $112.94 | $36.62 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $112.94 | $36.62 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $111.53 | $36.88 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $111.53 | $36.88 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $111.53 | $36.88 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $111.53 | $36.88 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $111.28 | $36.81 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $111.28 | $36.81 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $111.28 | $36.81 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $111.28 | $36.81 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $111.18 | $36.80 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $111.18 | $36.80 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $110.63 | $36.61 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $110.63 | $36.61 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $110.66 | $36.87 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $110.66 | $36.87 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $110.66 | $36.87 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $110.66 | $36.87 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $111.26 | $35.05 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $111.26 | $35.05 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $111.26 | $35.05 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $111.26 | $35.05 | RVU13AR |
Where the South Dakota rate applies
South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Agar
- Agency Village
- Akaska
- Albee
- Alcester
- Alexandria
- Allen
36598 billing questions
When should I report 36598 instead of 36597?
Report 36598 for contrast injection and fluoroscopic evaluation of an existing device. Report 36597 when the catheter is actually repositioned.
Does 36598 include the fluoroscopic imaging?
Fluoroscopy is part of the device evaluation described by this code. Do not separately report fluoroscopic imaging for the same study.
Is 36598 payable with another physician service on the same date?
CMS payment for this injection or minor service is limited to days when no other physician service is billed.
What documentation supports 36598?
Document the existing device, the clinical concern prompting evaluation, the contrast injection, and the fluoroscopic findings.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity. CMS does not permit co-surgeons or team surgery for this service.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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