CPT code 77001: Fluoroscopic guidance, central venous device placement2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota
Reports fluoroscopic guidance and interpretation during central venous access device placement or replacement, alongside the primary access procedure.
In South Dakota, Medicare pays $97.42 for 77001 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 77001 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 77001 covers
This service uses real-time X-ray imaging to guide placement or replacement of a central venous access device, such as a central catheter or implanted port. A physician performing the access procedure may use fluoroscopy to follow the wire and catheter and assess device position; radiology personnel may provide the imaging equipment and technical support. It is commonly performed in hospitals, procedure suites, and other settings where central venous access devices are placed or replaced.
Report 77001 only with a primary procedure for central venous access device placement or replacement; it is not a standalone service. The record should identify the associated access procedure, the fluoroscopic guidance provided, and the physician’s interpretation. CMS treats the service as having professional and technical components: modifier 26 identifies the interpretation, modifier TC identifies the equipment and staff, and billing without either modifier represents the global service. Payment for this add-on is within the primary procedure’s global period.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Dakota compares for 77001
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 77001 runs from $85.81 in Arkansas to $136.47 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $97.42. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Dakota · this page$97.42
- Los Angeles, CA · California$113.94+$16.52
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$114.43+$17.01
- Miami, FL · Florida$104.55+$7.13
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$101.20+$3.78
- Manhattan, NY · New York$113.99+$16.57
- Alaska · Alaska$109.45+$12.03
Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $87.24 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $85.81 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $95.67 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $106.23 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $106.09 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $125.36 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $113.63 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $106.62 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $111.98 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $111.58 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $114.70 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $133.45 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $133.39 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $136.47 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $136.24 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $109.71 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $116.19 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $112.13 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $117.40 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $125.28 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $106.08 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $103.72 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $105.64 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $97.41 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $100.98 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $95.65 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $100.26 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $89.73 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $109.41 | — |
| IowaIowa | $90.34 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $90.89 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $93.47 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $92.12 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $102.19 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $91.51 | — |
| KansasKansas | $89.59 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $89.01 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $93.77 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $88.74 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $115.25 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $102.87 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $105.30 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $99.53 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $91.14 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $97.16 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $96.72 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $91.40 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $99.81 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $93.34 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $94.48 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $86.83 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $86.35 | — |
| MontanaMontana | $98.53 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $92.27 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $97.54 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $90.99 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $101.79 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $112.95 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $106.96 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $91.85 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $98.34 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $116.73 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $107.47 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $115.44 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $93.81 | — |
| OhioOhio | $91.19 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $89.12 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $107.68 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $97.70 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $102.54 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $91.51 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $99.44 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $101.38 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $91.86 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $90.07 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $103.27 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $90.81 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $97.50 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $98.07 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $97.25 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $97.75 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $98.67 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $94.06 | — |
| UtahUtah | $93.29 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $96.61 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $99.44 | — |
| VermontVermont | $96.86 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $102.77 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $118.03 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $93.83 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $88.18 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $98.10 | — |
77001 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$85.81
$121.28
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $109.45 | 1 |
| AL | $87.24 | 1 |
| AR | $85.81 | 1 |
| AZ | $95.67 | 1 |
| CA | $106.08–$136.47 | 29 |
| CO | $103.72 | 1 |
| CT | $105.64 | 1 |
| DC | $114.43 | 1 |
| DE | $97.41 | 1 |
| FL | $95.65–$104.55 | 3 |
| GA | $89.73–$100.26 | 2 |
| GU | $109.41 | 1 |
| HI | $109.41 | 1 |
| IA | $90.34 | 1 |
| ID | $90.89 | 1 |
| IL | $92.12–$102.19 | 4 |
| IN | $91.51 | 1 |
| KS | $89.59 | 1 |
| KY | $89.01 | 1 |
| LA | $88.74–$93.77 | 2 |
| MA | $102.87–$115.25 | 2 |
| MD | $99.53–$114.43 | 3 |
| ME | $91.14–$97.16 | 2 |
| MI | $91.40–$96.72 | 2 |
| MN | $99.81 | 1 |
| MO | $86.83–$94.48 | 3 |
| MS | $86.35 | 1 |
| MT | $98.53 | 1 |
| NC | $92.27 | 1 |
| ND | $97.54 | 1 |
| NE | $90.99 | 1 |
| NH | $101.79 | 1 |
| NJ | $106.96–$112.95 | 2 |
| NM | $91.85 | 1 |
| NV | $98.34 | 1 |
| NY | $93.81–$116.73 | 5 |
| OH | $91.19 | 1 |
| OK | $89.12 | 1 |
| OR | $97.70–$107.68 | 2 |
| PA | $91.51–$102.54 | 2 |
| PR | $99.44 | 1 |
| RI | $101.38 | 1 |
| SC | $91.86 | 1 |
| SD | $97.42 | 1 |
| TN | $90.07 | 1 |
| TX | $90.81–$103.27 | 8 |
| UT | $93.29 | 1 |
| VA | $96.61–$114.43 | 2 |
| VI | $99.44 | 1 |
| VT | $96.86 | 1 |
| WA | $102.77–$118.03 | 2 |
| WI | $93.83 | 1 |
| WV | $88.18 | 1 |
| WY | $98.10 | 1 |
How the 77001 rate is calculated
Each of 77001’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 77001
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.37
0.37 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense2.53
2.53 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.05
0.05 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
2.9500
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$98.53
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
8,925
- Code
- 77001
- Physician work
- 0.37
- Practice expense
- 2.53
- Malpractice
- 0.05
GPCI2026.csv
94
- Locality
- South Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.336
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.37 | × 1.000 | 0.3700 |
| Practice expense | 2.53 | × 1.000 | 2.5300 |
| Malpractice | 0.05 | × 0.336 | 0.0168 |
| Total RVUs | 2.9168 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, South Dakota$97.42
Office: (0.37 × 1 + 2.53 × 1 + 0.05 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $97.42
Payment rules and modifiers for 77001
The CMS indicators that decide how 77001 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 77001
Fluoroscopic guidance, central venous device placement
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | ZZZ | Add-on code: falls within the primary procedure’s global period. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 1 | Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 26 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
77001 without 26 · national office
$98.53
Fluoroscopic guidance, central venous device placement
77001-26 · Professional component
$17.70
Pays only the interpretation and report.
How 77001 has changed in South Dakota
77001 · Office / nonfacility
$97.42
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $4.29 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $93.13 to $97.42 (4.6%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$93.13changed to$97.42
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 0.38 changed to 0.37
- Practice expense RVU 2.48 changed to 2.53
- Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$97.50changed to$93.13
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 2.53 changed to 2.48
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$95.91changed to$97.50
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$101.26changed to$95.91
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 2.59 changed to 2.53
- Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$105.46changed to$101.26
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 2.65 changed to 2.59
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$103.89changed to$105.46
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 2.58 changed to 2.65
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$96.89changed to$103.89
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 2.29 changed to 2.58
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
- Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$91.02changed to$96.89
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 2.13 changed to 2.29
- Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$84.80changed to$91.02
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 1.96 changed to 2.13
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$84.55changed to$84.80
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$70.25changed to$84.55
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 1.57 changed to 1.96
- Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.04
- Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$70.14changed to$70.25
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 1.56 changed to 1.57
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$69.79changed to$70.14
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$79.05changed to$69.79
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 1.81 changed to 1.56
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.03
- Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$120.35changed to$79.05
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 3.14 changed to 1.81
- Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $120.35
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $97.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $97.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $97.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $97.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $93.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $93.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $93.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $93.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $97.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $97.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $97.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $97.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $95.91 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $101.26 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $101.26 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $101.26 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $101.26 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $105.46 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $105.46 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $105.46 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $105.46 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $103.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $103.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $103.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $103.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $96.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $96.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $96.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $96.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $91.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $91.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $91.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $91.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $84.80 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $84.80 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $84.80 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $84.80 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $84.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $84.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $84.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $84.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $70.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $70.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $70.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $70.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $70.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $70.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $69.79 | Not available in this setting | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $69.79 | Not available in this setting | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $79.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $79.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $79.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $79.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $120.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $120.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $120.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $120.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU13AR |
Where the South Dakota rate applies
South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Agar
- Agency Village
- Akaska
- Albee
- Alcester
- Alexandria
- Allen
77001 billing questions
Can 77001 be reported by itself?
No. It is an add-on for fluoroscopic guidance associated with a primary central venous access device procedure and must be billed with that primary procedure.
When should modifier 26 or TC be used?
Use modifier 26 for the physician’s interpretation when professional and technical services are split. Use TC for the equipment and staff; without either modifier, the line represents the global service.
Is 77001 the code for placing the catheter or port?
No. The primary procedure code describes the central venous access device placement or replacement. 77001 reports the associated fluoroscopic guidance.
How does 77001 differ from 77002?
77001 is for fluoroscopic guidance associated with central venous access device placement or replacement. 77002 is used for fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement, such as for biopsy, aspiration, injection, or localization.
What documentation supports reporting 77001?
Document the primary central venous access procedure, the use of fluoroscopy to guide the device procedure, and the physician’s interpretation. The add-on must be linked to the primary procedure.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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