CPT code 77002: Fluoroscopy guidance, needle placement2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Mississippi
Reports fluoroscopic x-ray guidance used to position a needle for procedures such as joint aspiration, injection, or tissue sampling.
In Mississippi, Medicare pays $106.69 for 77002 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 77002 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 77002 covers
The service uses live x-ray imaging to guide a needle toward a target and confirm its position during a procedure. Radiologists, interventional radiologists, orthopedists, and pain physicians may use it for procedures such as joint aspiration or injection, or needle sampling of a lesion. The fluoroscopic guidance and its interpretation are distinct from the needle procedure itself.
Report 77002 only with a primary procedure; it is an add-on code and is paid within that procedure’s global period. The record should identify the target, document use of fluoroscopy to guide needle placement, and support the interpretation. Modifier 26 represents the professional interpretation, while modifier TC represents the equipment and staff. Reporting without either modifier represents the global service.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Mississippi compares for 77002
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 77002 runs from $106.19 in Arkansas to $167.75 in San Benito County, CA. Mississippi pays $106.69. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Mississippi · this page$106.69
- Los Angeles, CA · California$140.23+$33.54
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$140.54+$33.85
- Miami, FL · Florida$127.48+$20.79
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$123.61+$16.92
- Manhattan, NY · New York$139.72+$33.03
- Alaska · Alaska$136.14+$29.45
Other areas in Mississippi first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $107.89 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $106.19 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $117.88 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $130.87 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $154.20 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $139.84 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $131.18 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $137.92 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $137.42 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $141.20 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $164.11 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $164.06 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $167.75 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $167.56 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $135.13 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $142.97 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $138.09 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $144.46 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $154.14 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $130.74 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $127.71 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $129.75 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $119.97 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $123.65 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $117.42 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $123.20 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $110.46 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $134.69 | — |
| IowaIowa | $111.75 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $112.36 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $114.42 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $113.11 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $125.16 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $113.10 | — |
| KansasKansas | $110.77 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $109.79 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $115.40 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $109.44 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $141.65 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $126.67 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $129.31 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $122.54 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $112.56 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $119.83 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $118.58 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $112.53 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $123.27 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $114.98 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $116.34 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $107.11 | — |
| MontanaMontana | $121.24 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $113.92 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $120.45 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $112.54 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $125.27 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $138.80 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $131.49 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $113.03 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $121.12 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $142.84 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $132.03 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $141.57 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $115.74 | — |
| OhioOhio | $112.36 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $110.01 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $132.53 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $120.44 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $126.01 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $112.79 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $122.35 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $124.81 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $113.28 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $120.36 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $111.33 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $127.06 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $111.95 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $120.17 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $120.81 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $119.80 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $120.44 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $121.17 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $115.90 | — |
| UtahUtah | $114.98 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $119.11 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $122.35 | — |
| VermontVermont | $119.56 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $126.57 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $145.09 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $116.03 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $108.43 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $120.90 | — |
77002 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$106.19
$149.25
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $136.14 | 1 |
| AL | $107.89 | 1 |
| AR | $106.19 | 1 |
| AZ | $117.88 | 1 |
| CA | $130.74–$167.75 | 29 |
| CO | $127.71 | 1 |
| CT | $129.75 | 1 |
| DC | $140.54 | 1 |
| DE | $119.97 | 1 |
| FL | $117.42–$127.48 | 3 |
| GA | $110.46–$123.20 | 2 |
| GU | $134.69 | 1 |
| HI | $134.69 | 1 |
| IA | $111.75 | 1 |
| ID | $112.36 | 1 |
| IL | $113.11–$125.16 | 4 |
| IN | $113.10 | 1 |
| KS | $110.77 | 1 |
| KY | $109.79 | 1 |
| LA | $109.44–$115.40 | 2 |
| MA | $126.67–$141.65 | 2 |
| MD | $122.54–$140.54 | 3 |
| ME | $112.56–$119.83 | 2 |
| MI | $112.53–$118.58 | 2 |
| MN | $123.27 | 1 |
| MO | $107.11–$116.34 | 3 |
| MS | $106.69 | 1 |
| MT | $121.24 | 1 |
| NC | $113.92 | 1 |
| ND | $120.45 | 1 |
| NE | $112.54 | 1 |
| NH | $125.27 | 1 |
| NJ | $131.49–$138.80 | 2 |
| NM | $113.03 | 1 |
| NV | $121.12 | 1 |
| NY | $115.74–$142.84 | 5 |
| OH | $112.36 | 1 |
| OK | $110.01 | 1 |
| OR | $120.44–$132.53 | 2 |
| PA | $112.79–$126.01 | 2 |
| PR | $122.35 | 1 |
| RI | $124.81 | 1 |
| SC | $113.28 | 1 |
| SD | $120.36 | 1 |
| TN | $111.33 | 1 |
| TX | $111.95–$127.06 | 8 |
| UT | $114.98 | 1 |
| VA | $119.11–$140.54 | 2 |
| VI | $122.35 | 1 |
| VT | $119.56 | 1 |
| WA | $126.57–$145.09 | 2 |
| WI | $116.03 | 1 |
| WV | $108.43 | 1 |
| WY | $120.90 | 1 |
How the 77002 rate is calculated
Each of 77002’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 77002
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.53
0.53 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense3.06
3.06 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.04
0.04 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.6300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$121.25
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Mississippi inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
8,928
- Code
- 77002
- Physician work
- 0.53
- Practice expense
- 3.06
- Malpractice
- 0.04
GPCI2026.csv
67
- Locality
- Mississippi
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.861
- Malpractice
- 0.739
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.53 | × 1.000 | 0.5300 |
| Practice expense | 3.06 | × 0.861 | 2.6347 |
| Malpractice | 0.04 | × 0.739 | 0.0296 |
| Total RVUs | 3.1942 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Mississippi$106.69
Office: (0.53 × 1 + 3.06 × 0.861 + 0.04 × 0.739) × $33.4009 = $106.69
Payment rules and modifiers for 77002
The CMS indicators that decide how 77002 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 77002
Fluoroscopy guidance, needle placement
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | ZZZ | Add-on code: falls within the primary procedure’s global period. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 1 | Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 26 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
77002 without 26 · national office
$121.25
Fluoroscopy guidance, needle placement
77002-26 · Professional component
$27.05
Pays only the interpretation and report.
How 77002 has changed in Mississippi
77002 · Office / nonfacility
$106.69
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $10.24 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $96.45 to $106.69 (10.6%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$96.45changed to$106.69
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 0.54 changed to 0.53
- Practice expense RVU 2.83 changed to 3.06
- Practice expense GPCI 0.852 changed to 0.861
- Malpractice GPCI 0.768 changed to 0.739
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$101.24changed to$96.45
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 2.90 changed to 2.83
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$99.59changed to$101.24
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$103.04changed to$99.59
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 2.91 changed to 2.90
- Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.04
- Practice expense GPCI 0.847 changed to 0.852
- Malpractice GPCI 0.720 changed to 0.768
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$104.35changed to$103.04
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 2.90 changed to 2.91
- Practice expense GPCI 0.842 changed to 0.847
- Malpractice GPCI 0.671 changed to 0.720
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$102.86changed to$104.35
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 2.82 changed to 2.90
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$96.55changed to$102.86
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 2.47 changed to 2.82
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
- Practice expense GPCI 0.856 changed to 0.842
- Malpractice GPCI 0.521 changed to 0.671
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$91.48changed to$96.55
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 2.28 changed to 2.47
- Practice expense GPCI 0.870 changed to 0.856
- Malpractice GPCI 0.370 changed to 0.521
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$85.25changed to$91.48
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 2.08 changed to 2.28
- Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.04
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$83.74changed to$85.25
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 2.04 changed to 2.08
- Practice expense GPCI 0.867 changed to 0.870
- Malpractice GPCI 0.492 changed to 0.370
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$83.23changed to$83.74
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 2.03 changed to 2.04
- Practice expense GPCI 0.864 changed to 0.867
- Malpractice GPCI 0.613 changed to 0.492
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$82.69changed to$83.23
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 2.01 changed to 2.03
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$82.28changed to$82.69
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$91.60changed to$82.28
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 2.30 changed to 2.01
- Practice expense GPCI 0.865 changed to 0.864
- Malpractice GPCI 0.687 changed to 0.613
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$71.56changed to$91.60
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 1.77 changed to 2.30
- Practice expense GPCI 0.866 changed to 0.865
- Malpractice GPCI 0.761 changed to 0.687
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $71.56
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $106.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $106.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $106.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $106.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $96.45 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $96.45 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $96.45 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $96.45 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $101.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $101.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $101.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $101.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $99.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $103.04 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $103.04 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $103.04 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $103.04 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $104.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $104.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $104.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $104.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $102.86 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $102.86 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $102.86 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $102.86 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $96.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $96.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $96.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $96.55 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $91.48 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $91.48 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $91.48 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $91.48 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $85.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $85.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $85.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $85.25 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $83.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $83.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $83.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $83.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $83.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $83.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $83.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $83.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $82.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $82.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $82.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $82.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $91.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $91.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $91.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $91.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $71.56 | Not available in this setting | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $71.56 | Not available in this setting | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $71.56 | Not available in this setting | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $71.56 | Not available in this setting | RVU13AR |
Where the Mississippi rate applies
Mississippi is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 427 cities and communities in Mississippi. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abbeville
- Aberdeen
- Ackerman
- Agricola
- Alcorn State University
- Algoma
- Alligator
- Amory
77002 billing questions
Can 77002 be reported by itself?
No. CMS identifies 77002 as an add-on code that must be billed with a primary procedure.
When is 77002 used with a joint injection?
It may be reported when fluoroscopy guides needle placement for a joint procedure, such as a large-joint aspiration or injection, and the guidance is separately reportable.
How does 77002 differ from 77003?
Both describe fluoroscopic needle guidance, but 77003 is for guidance in spinal or paraspinal procedures. Use 77002 for other needle-placement targets.
What do modifiers 26 and TC represent?
Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation; modifier TC identifies the technical service, including equipment and staff. Without either modifier, the claim represents the global service.
What documentation supports 77002?
Document the needle target, the use of fluoroscopy to guide placement, and the interpretation. The claim must also include the primary procedure.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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