CPT code 78110: Plasma volume, single sample2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in North Dakota
Reports a single-sample plasma volume study using tracer dilution and blood sampling to measure the circulating plasma compartment.
In North Dakota, Medicare pays $70.15 for 78110 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 78110 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 78110 covers
This study measures circulating plasma volume through tracer dilution and analysis of a blood sample. It may be performed in a nuclear medicine department as part of an evaluation involving suspected abnormal plasma volume or a hematologic blood-volume question. Nuclear medicine staff typically perform the technical work, and a qualified physician interprets the study findings.
Choose this code when the plasma volume protocol uses a single sample; use 78111 when the study uses multiple samples. Documentation should support the plasma-volume measurement, the single-sample protocol, and the interpretation or technical work furnished. CMS recognizes professional and technical components: report modifier 26 for the interpretation, modifier TC for the equipment and staff, or neither modifier when billing the global service.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How North Dakota compares for 78110
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 78110 runs from $61.43 in Arkansas to $98.97 in San Benito County, CA. North Dakota pays $70.15. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- North Dakota · this page$70.15
- Los Angeles, CA · California$82.40+$12.25
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$82.91+$12.76
- Miami, FL · Florida$76.29+$6.14
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$73.67+$3.52
- Manhattan, NY · New York$82.76+$12.61
- Alaska · Alaska$77.67+$7.52
Other areas in North Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $62.53 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $61.43 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $68.95 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $76.67 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $76.55 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $90.80 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $82.18 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $77.07 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $80.89 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $80.60 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $82.94 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $96.73 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $96.67 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $98.97 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $98.74 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $79.25 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $84.07 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $81.03 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $84.95 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $90.71 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $76.54 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $74.89 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $76.48 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $70.25 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $73.31 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $69.21 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $72.51 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $64.65 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $79.09 | — |
| IowaIowa | $64.77 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $65.21 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $67.79 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $66.59 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $74.18 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $65.68 | — |
| KansasKansas | $64.26 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $63.99 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $67.65 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $63.81 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $83.47 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $74.25 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $76.25 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $71.83 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $65.46 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $69.96 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $70.08 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $65.87 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $71.80 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $67.25 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $68.12 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $62.39 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $61.93 | — |
| MontanaMontana | $71.14 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $66.31 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $65.24 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $73.52 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $81.76 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $77.37 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $66.24 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $70.93 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $84.91 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $77.78 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $83.78 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $67.49 | — |
| OhioOhio | $65.67 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $64.02 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $77.83 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $70.40 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $74.17 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $65.88 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $71.81 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $73.17 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $66.10 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $70.04 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $64.63 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $74.63 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $65.34 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $70.26 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $70.71 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $70.10 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $70.47 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $71.38 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $67.76 | — |
| UtahUtah | $67.19 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $69.58 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $71.81 | — |
| VermontVermont | $69.69 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $74.17 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $85.49 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $67.34 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $63.59 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $70.71 | — |
78110 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$61.43
$87.76
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $77.67 | 1 |
| AL | $62.53 | 1 |
| AR | $61.43 | 1 |
| AZ | $68.95 | 1 |
| CA | $76.54–$98.97 | 29 |
| CO | $74.89 | 1 |
| CT | $76.48 | 1 |
| DC | $82.91 | 1 |
| DE | $70.25 | 1 |
| FL | $69.21–$76.29 | 3 |
| GA | $64.65–$72.51 | 2 |
| GU | $79.09 | 1 |
| HI | $79.09 | 1 |
| IA | $64.77 | 1 |
| ID | $65.21 | 1 |
| IL | $66.59–$74.18 | 4 |
| IN | $65.68 | 1 |
| KS | $64.26 | 1 |
| KY | $63.99 | 1 |
| LA | $63.81–$67.65 | 2 |
| MA | $74.25–$83.47 | 2 |
| MD | $71.83–$82.91 | 3 |
| ME | $65.46–$69.96 | 2 |
| MI | $65.87–$70.08 | 2 |
| MN | $71.80 | 1 |
| MO | $62.39–$68.12 | 3 |
| MS | $61.93 | 1 |
| MT | $71.14 | 1 |
| NC | $66.31 | 1 |
| ND | $70.15 | 1 |
| NE | $65.24 | 1 |
| NH | $73.52 | 1 |
| NJ | $77.37–$81.76 | 2 |
| NM | $66.24 | 1 |
| NV | $70.93 | 1 |
| NY | $67.49–$84.91 | 5 |
| OH | $65.67 | 1 |
| OK | $64.02 | 1 |
| OR | $70.40–$77.83 | 2 |
| PA | $65.88–$74.17 | 2 |
| PR | $71.81 | 1 |
| RI | $73.17 | 1 |
| SC | $66.10 | 1 |
| SD | $70.04 | 1 |
| TN | $64.63 | 1 |
| TX | $65.34–$74.63 | 8 |
| UT | $67.19 | 1 |
| VA | $69.58–$82.91 | 2 |
| VI | $71.81 | 1 |
| VT | $69.69 | 1 |
| WA | $74.17–$85.49 | 2 |
| WI | $67.34 | 1 |
| WV | $63.59 | 1 |
| WY | $70.71 | 1 |
How the 78110 rate is calculated
Each of 78110’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 78110
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.19
0.19 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.89
1.89 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.05
0.05 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
2.1300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$71.14
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact North Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
9,224
- Code
- 78110
- Physician work
- 0.19
- Practice expense
- 1.89
- Malpractice
- 0.05
GPCI2026.csv
84
- Locality
- North Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.406
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.19 | × 1.000 | 0.1900 |
| Practice expense | 1.89 | × 1.000 | 1.8900 |
| Malpractice | 0.05 | × 0.406 | 0.0203 |
| Total RVUs | 2.1003 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, North Dakota$70.15
Office: (0.19 × 1 + 1.89 × 1 + 0.05 × 0.406) × $33.4009 = $70.15
Payment rules and modifiers for 78110
The CMS indicators that decide how 78110 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 78110
Plasma volume, single sample
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 1 | Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 26 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
78110 without 26 · national office
$71.14
Plasma volume, single sample
78110-26 · Professional component
$7.68
Pays only the interpretation and report.
How 78110 has changed in North Dakota
78110 · Office / nonfacility
$70.15
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $3.33 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $66.82 to $70.15 (5.0%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$66.82changed to$70.15
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Practice expense RVU 1.85 changed to 1.89
- Malpractice GPCI 0.517 changed to 0.406
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$68.10changed to$66.82
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 1.83 changed to 1.85
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$66.99changed to$68.10
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$68.92changed to$66.99
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 1.82 changed to 1.83
- Malpractice GPCI 0.474 changed to 0.517
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$70.65changed to$68.92
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 1.83 changed to 1.82
- Malpractice GPCI 0.431 changed to 0.474
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$70.89changed to$70.65
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 1.82 changed to 1.83
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$71.07changed to$70.89
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 1.76 changed to 1.82
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
- Malpractice GPCI 0.485 changed to 0.431
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$71.05changed to$71.07
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Malpractice GPCI 0.540 changed to 0.485
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$84.66changed to$71.05
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 2.14 changed to 1.76
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$104.14changed to$84.66
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 2.69 changed to 2.14
- Malpractice GPCI 0.547 changed to 0.540
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$97.11changed to$104.14
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 2.50 changed to 2.69
- Malpractice GPCI 0.554 changed to 0.547
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$106.60changed to$97.11
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 2.76 changed to 2.50
- Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.04
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$106.07changed to$106.60
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$95.34changed to$106.07
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 2.45 changed to 2.76
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.03
- Malpractice GPCI 0.536 changed to 0.554
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$94.27changed to$95.34
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 2.56 changed to 2.45
- Malpractice GPCI 0.517 changed to 0.536
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $94.27
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $70.15 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $70.15 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $70.15 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $70.15 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $66.82 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $66.82 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $66.82 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $66.82 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $68.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $68.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $68.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $68.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $66.99 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $68.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $68.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $68.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $68.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $70.65 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $70.65 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $70.65 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $70.65 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $70.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $70.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $70.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $70.89 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $71.07 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $71.07 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $71.07 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $71.07 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $71.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $71.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $71.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $71.05 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $84.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $84.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $84.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $84.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $104.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $104.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $104.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $104.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $97.11 | Not available in this setting | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $97.11 | Not available in this setting | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $97.11 | Not available in this setting | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $97.11 | Not available in this setting | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $106.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $106.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $106.07 | Not available in this setting | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $106.07 | Not available in this setting | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $95.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $95.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $95.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $95.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $94.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $94.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $94.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $94.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13AR |
Where the North Dakota rate applies
North Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 406 cities and communities in North Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abercrombie
- Adams
- Alamo
- Alexander
- Alice
- Almont
- Alsen
- Ambrose
78110 billing questions
How is 78110 different from 78111?
78110 is for a plasma volume study using a single sample. Use 78111 when the protocol uses multiple samples.
Which modifier identifies the physician interpretation?
Append modifier 26 when billing only the professional interpretation. Modifier TC identifies the technical work, including equipment and staff.
When is the global service reported?
Bill 78110 without modifier 26 or TC when the billing entity furnishes both the professional and technical components.
Is this code for red cell mass or total blood volume?
No. 78110 measures plasma volume; 78120 and 78121 measure red cell mass, while 78122 is for whole blood volume determination.
What documentation supports the single-sample code?
The record should identify the plasma volume study and support that its protocol used a single sample. The interpretation should document the physician's findings when the professional component is billed.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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