CPT code 97028: Light therapy, ultraviolet application2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Reports ultraviolet light applied as a therapeutic modality to one or more areas during a documented rehabilitation or treatment session.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality7.4K Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $8.13 for 97028 in the office.

$8.13Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−2.6%vs the national office rate ($8.35)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 97028 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 97028 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 97028 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 97028 covers

This code covers therapeutic application of ultraviolet light to one or more treatment areas. Physical therapists and other qualified therapy professionals may use it as a modality within a plan of care, including for a documented skin or tissue condition. The record should identify the treated area, the reason for treatment, and the ultraviolet intervention provided.

Report the service for the ultraviolet modality actually delivered, not for infrared, ultrasound, or another physical agent. It is an untimed modality, so report one unit for the treatment session rather than counting 15-minute increments. Documentation should support the clinical purpose and distinguish the modality from other services furnished that day. CMS treats it as a therapy service without a professional-component modifier split. Under the therapy multiple procedure payment reduction, practice expense is reduced for the second and later therapy units furnished on the same day.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Dakota compares for 97028

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 97028 runs from $7.43 in Arkansas to $10.85 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $8.13. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

97028 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$8.13
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$9.33+$1.20
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$9.48+$1.35
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$9.08+$0.95
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$8.83+$0.70
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$9.58+$1.45
  7. Alaska · Alaska$9.88+$1.75

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

97028 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$7.54—
ArkansasArkansas$7.43—
ArizonaArizona$8.14—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$8.78—
Chico, CACalifornia$8.75—
El Centro, CACalifornia$8.76—
Fresno, CACalifornia$8.75—
Hanford, CACalifornia$8.75—

97028 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$7.43

$9.88

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
97028 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$9.881
AL$7.541
AR$7.431
AZ$8.141
CA$8.75–$10.8529
CO$8.651
CT$8.891
DC$9.481
DE$8.271
FL$8.28–$9.083
GA$7.84–$8.512
GU$8.941
HI$8.941
IA$7.691
ID$7.751
IL$8.07–$8.834
IN$7.791
KS$7.671
KY$7.731
LA$7.72–$8.082
MA$8.61–$9.462
MD$8.41–$9.483
ME$7.80–$8.182
MI$7.93–$8.392
MN$8.271
MO$7.60–$8.093
MS$7.521
MT$8.351
NC$7.871
ND$8.151
NE$7.731
NH$8.531
NJ$8.98–$9.402
NM$7.971
NV$8.301
NY$7.98–$9.825
OH$7.891
OK$7.701
OR$8.23–$8.902
PA$7.89–$8.682
PR$8.401
RI$8.541
SC$7.891
SD$8.131
TN$7.711
TX$7.85–$8.638
UT$8.001
VA$8.16–$9.482
VI$8.401
VT$8.131
WA$8.59–$9.642
WI$7.891
WV$7.791
WY$8.261

See 97028 in every payment locality

How the 97028 rate is calculated

Each of 97028’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 97028

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.08

0.08 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense0.16

0.16 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.01

0.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

0.2500

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$8.35

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,851

Code
97028
Physician work
0.08
Practice expense
0.16
Malpractice
0.01

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 97028 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.08× 1.0000.0800
Practice expense0.16× 1.0000.1600
Malpractice0.01× 0.3360.0034
Total RVUs0.2434
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$8.13

Office: (0.08 × 1 + 0.16 × 1 + 0.01 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $8.13

Open 97028 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 97028

The CMS indicators that decide how 97028 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 97028

Light therapy, ultraviolet application

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures5Therapy reduction: practice expense of the second and later units is reduced.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical7Therapy service: the split doesn’t apply.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier CQ · payment effect

With and without the modifier

97028 without CQ · national office

$8.35

Light therapy, ultraviolet application

97028-CQ · Allowed amount unchanged

$8.35

Medicare cuts its own payment by 15% after the patient’s 20% coinsurance; the allowed amount stays the same. On $100 allowed: $20 coinsurance, then Medicare pays $68 instead of $80.

How 97028 has changed in South Dakota

97028 · Office / nonfacility

$8.13

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $0.24 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $7.89 to $8.13 (3.0%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $7.89changed to$8.13

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $8.12changed to$7.89

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $7.98changed to$8.12

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $8.26changed to$7.98

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $8.08changed to$8.26

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 0.15 changed to 0.16
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $8.15changed to$8.08

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $8.07changed to$8.15

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 0.14 changed to 0.15
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $8.07changed to$8.07

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $8.06changed to$8.07

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $7.32changed to$8.06

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 0.12 changed to 0.14
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $7.30changed to$7.32

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $7.33changed to$7.30

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $7.29changed to$7.33

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $7.31changed to$7.29

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $7.29changed to$7.31

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 0.13 changed to 0.12
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $7.29

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$8.13Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$8.13Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$8.13Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$8.13Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$7.89Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$7.89Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$7.89Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$7.89Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$8.12Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$8.12Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$8.12Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$8.12Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$7.98Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$8.26Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$8.26Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$8.26Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$8.26Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$8.08Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$8.08Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$8.08Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$8.08Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$8.15Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$8.15Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$8.15Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$8.15Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$8.07Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$8.06Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$8.06Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$8.06Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$8.06Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$7.32Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$7.32Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$7.32Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$7.32Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$7.30Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$7.30Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$7.30Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$7.30Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$7.33Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$7.33Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$7.29Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$7.29Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$7.31Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$7.31Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$7.31Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$7.31Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$7.29Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$7.29Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$7.29Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$7.29Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 97028 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

97028 billing questions

How is this different from infrared therapy?

97028 represents ultraviolet application. Use 97026 when infrared is the modality actually delivered.

Is 97028 billed in 15-minute units?

No. It is an untimed modality; report one unit for the treatment session, not units based on elapsed time.

Should modifier 26 be appended?

No. CMS identifies this as a therapy service for which the professional-component modifier does not apply.

What documentation supports the service?

Record the clinical purpose, the area treated, and that ultraviolet light was applied. The documentation should distinguish it from any other modality performed during the visit.

How does the therapy multiple procedure reduction affect payment?

When multiple therapy units are furnished on the same day, CMS reduces practice expense for the second and later units.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 97028PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,851 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

Did this answer your question about what 97028 pays in South Dakota?

Tell us what you were actually trying to work out. We’ll answer you directly, or build the page that does.

Fee sheets

Put 97028 and the rest of your codes on one sheet

Your codes at your locality, with payer contracts beside Medicare.

Build my fee sheet