CPT code 97110: Therapeutic exercise, one-on-one, each 15 minutes2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Timed one-on-one therapy service in which a therapist directs exercises to build strength, endurance, range of motion, or flexibility, reported per 15 minutes.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality64.2M Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $28.84 for 97110 in the office.

$28.84Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−0.8%vs the national office rate ($29.06)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 97110 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 97110 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 12 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 97110 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Similar codes
  8. Related codes
  9. Rate history
  10. Where it applies
  11. Billing questions
  12. Sources

What 97110 covers

Therapeutic exercise covers clinician-directed exercise aimed at restoring strength, endurance, joint range of motion, and flexibility in one or more body areas. Typical examples include progressive resistive exercise after rotator cuff repair, active-assisted range of motion after total knee arthroplasty, core strengthening for low back pain, and stretching programs for contractures. Physical therapists, occupational therapists, and supervised assistants perform it, mostly in outpatient clinics and private practices, with smaller volumes in facility settings. The clinician must have direct, one-on-one contact with the patient throughout the billed time.

Units are based on documented minutes of direct treatment. Medicare counts total timed minutes across all timed therapy codes for the day and assigns units under the 8-minute rule. Notes should name the exercises, parameters such as sets, repetitions, and resistance, the body region, skilled cues provided, and the functional goal addressed. Report the applicable therapy discipline modifier; add CQ or CO when assistant involvement meets Medicare’s threshold for a billed unit. This therapy service has no professional or technical split, so modifier 26 is not used. The therapy multiple procedure payment reduction reduces practice expense for the second and later therapy units on the same day, including a second unit of 97110.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

Billing guides for 97110: 97110 vs 97530 · 97110 vs 97112 · Physical therapy CPT codes

How South Dakota compares for 97110

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 97110 runs from $26.97 in Arkansas to $37.31 in Alaska. South Dakota pays $28.84. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

97110 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$28.84
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$32.07+$3.23
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$32.35+$3.51
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$30.13+$1.29
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$29.67+$0.83
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$32.43+$3.59
  7. Alaska · Alaska$37.31+$8.47

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

97110 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$27.20—
ArkansasArkansas$26.97—
ArizonaArizona$28.59—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$30.53—
Chico, CACalifornia$30.47—
El Centro, CACalifornia$30.48—
Fresno, CACalifornia$30.47—
Hanford, CACalifornia$30.47—

97110 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$26.97

$37.31

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
97110 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$37.311
AL$27.201
AR$26.971
AZ$28.591
CA$30.47–$36.6129
CO$30.041
CT$30.481
DC$32.351
DE$28.941
FL$28.62–$30.133
GA$27.64–$29.392
GU$30.791
HI$30.791
IA$27.691
ID$27.791
IL$28.06–$29.794
IN$27.891
KS$27.581
KY$27.511
LA$27.47–$28.302
MA$29.96–$32.292
MD$29.35–$32.353
ME$27.84–$28.812
MI$27.91–$28.812
MN$29.221
MO$27.16–$28.403
MS$27.071
MT$29.061
NC$28.021
ND$28.861
NE$27.801
NH$29.581
NJ$30.95–$32.222
NM$27.991
NV$29.021
NY$28.27–$32.905
OH$27.871
OK$27.521
OR$28.90–$30.732
PA$27.92–$29.962
PR$29.201
RI$29.761
SC$27.971
SD$28.841
TN$27.661
TX$27.80–$29.858
UT$28.201
VA$28.73–$32.352
VI$29.201
VT$28.761
WA$29.90–$32.862
WI$28.251
WV$27.411
WY$28.971

See 97110 in every payment locality

How the 97110 rate is calculated

Each of 97110’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 97110

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.45

0.45 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense0.41

0.41 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.01

0.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

0.8700

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$29.06

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,859

Code
97110
Physician work
0.45
Practice expense
0.41
Malpractice
0.01

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 97110 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.45× 1.0000.4500
Practice expense0.41× 1.0000.4100
Malpractice0.01× 0.3360.0034
Total RVUs0.8634
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$28.84

Office: (0.45 × 1 + 0.41 × 1 + 0.01 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $28.84

Open 97110 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 97110

The CMS indicators that decide how 97110 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 97110

Therapeutic exercise, one-on-one, each 15 minutes

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures5Therapy reduction: practice expense of the second and later units is reduced.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical7Therapy service: the split doesn’t apply.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier CQ · payment effect

With and without the modifier

97110 without CQ · national office

$29.06

Therapeutic exercise, one-on-one, each 15 minutes

97110-CQ · Allowed amount unchanged

$29.06

Medicare cuts its own payment by 15% after the patient’s 20% coinsurance; the allowed amount stays the same. On $100 allowed: $20 coinsurance, then Medicare pays $68 instead of $80.

97110 compared with similar codes

Compare codes · National

5 codes, side by side

Office or facility?

  • 97110

    Therapeutic exercise, one-on-one, each 15 minutes0.45 wRVU

    $29.06

  • 97112

    Neuromuscular reeducation, balance, coordination, proprioception, timed0.5 wRVU

    $32.73+$3.67

  • 97140

    Manual therapy, one or more regions, each 15 minutes0.43 wRVU

    $27.72−$1.34

  • 97530

    Therapeutic activities, one-on-one, each 15 minutes0.44 wRVU

    $35.07+$6.01

  • 97535

    Self-care training, ADL and home management, per 15 minutes0.45 wRVU

    $32.40+$3.34

Same family in South Dakota

Related code rates in South Dakota
CodeOfficeFacility
97112Neuromuscular reeducationBalance, coordination, proprioception, timed$32.51Not available in this setting
97140Manual therapyOne or more regions, each 15 minutes$27.50Not available in this setting
97530Therapeutic activitiesOne-on-one, each 15 minutes$34.85Not available in this setting
97535Self-care trainingADL and home management, per 15 minutes$32.18Not available in this setting

How to choose

97530Therapeutic activitiesOne-on-one, each 15 minutes
97110 addresses strength, endurance, range of motion, or flexibility through exercise; 97530 uses dynamic functional tasks, such as lifting, carrying, or transfers, to improve daily activities.
97112Neuromuscular reeducationBalance, coordination, proprioception, timed
Choose 97112 for neuromuscular retraining of balance, coordination, kinesthetic sense, posture, or proprioception; choose 97110 for exercises directed at strength, endurance, range of motion, or flexibility.
97150Group therapyTwo or more patients, per session
97110 requires direct one-on-one contact and is billed in 15-minute units; 97150 applies when the therapist treats two or more patients simultaneously and is billed once per patient per session.
97113Aquatic therapyPool-based exercise, per 15 minutes
Therapeutic exercise performed in an aquatic environment is reported with 97113; one-on-one land-based therapeutic exercise is reported with 97110.

How 97110 has changed in South Dakota

97110 · Office / nonfacility

$28.84

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $0.25 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $28.59 to $28.84 (0.9%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $28.59changed to$28.84

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Practice expense RVU 0.43 changed to 0.41
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $29.09changed to$28.59

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 0.42 changed to 0.43

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $28.61changed to$29.09

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $29.61changed to$28.61

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $29.66changed to$29.61

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 0.40 changed to 0.42
    • Malpractice RVU 0.02 changed to 0.01
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $29.90changed to$29.66

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $30.94changed to$29.90

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $30.91changed to$30.94

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $30.88changed to$30.91

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $32.58changed to$30.88

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 0.45 changed to 0.40
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $32.15changed to$32.58

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 0.44 changed to 0.45
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $32.27changed to$32.15

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $32.11changed to$32.27

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $32.03changed to$32.11

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Malpractice RVU 0.01 changed to 0.02
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $31.79changed to$32.03

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 0.48 changed to 0.44
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $31.79

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$28.84Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$28.84Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$28.84Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$28.84Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$28.59Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$28.59Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$28.59Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$28.59Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$29.09Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$29.09Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$29.09Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$29.09Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$28.61Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$29.61Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$29.61Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$29.61Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$29.61Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$29.66Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$29.66Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$29.66Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$29.66Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$29.90Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$29.90Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$29.90Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$29.90Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$30.94Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$30.94Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$30.94Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$30.94Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$30.91Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$30.91Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$30.91Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$30.91Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$30.88Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$30.88Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$30.88Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$30.88Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$32.58Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$32.58Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$32.58Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$32.58Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$32.15Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$32.15Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$32.15Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$32.15Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$32.27Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$32.27Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$32.11Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$32.11Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$32.03Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$32.03Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$32.03Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$32.03Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$31.79Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$31.79Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$31.79Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$31.79Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 97110 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

97110 billing questions

How many units can be billed for a 38-minute session of therapeutic exercise alone?

Under Medicare’s 8-minute rule, 38 timed minutes supports 3 units. When 97110 is the only timed service, all 3 units are assigned to 97110.

When should 97530 be chosen instead of 97110?

Use 97110 for exercises directed at strength, endurance, range of motion, or flexibility. Use 97530 for dynamic functional tasks, such as lifting or transfers, performed to improve functional activity.

Can 97110 be billed when the therapist supervises several patients exercising at once?

No. When the therapist works with two or more patients simultaneously without constant one-on-one contact, report group therapy with 97150, billed once per patient per session.

Which modifiers are used with 97110?

Report the applicable therapy discipline modifier: GP for physical therapy, GO for occupational therapy, or GN for speech-language pathology. Add CQ or CO when PTA or OTA involvement meets Medicare’s threshold for the billed unit; do not use modifier 26.

Is a home exercise program that the patient performs independently billable?

Time the patient spends exercising independently without skilled one-on-one treatment is not billable as 97110. Time spent teaching, demonstrating, and correcting therapeutic exercises for a home program one-on-one can count toward 97110 minutes.

Can 97110 be billed on the same day as a PT evaluation?

Yes. An evaluation code such as 97161 through 97163 can be reported with 97110 when exercise treatment is separately delivered, but evaluation minutes cannot also be counted as exercise time.

97110 is in these specialty bundles: Physical therapy

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 97110PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,859 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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