CPT code 97161: PT evaluation, low complexity, typically 20 minutes2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Virgin Islands, VI
Initial physical therapy evaluation reported when the history, examination, stable presentation, and clinical decision making support low complexity.
In Virgin Islands, VI, Medicare pays $98.37 for 97161 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 97161 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 97161 covers
A physical therapist uses this initial evaluation to assess movement, functional limitations, and rehabilitation needs in private practice, an outpatient clinic, or a hospital outpatient department. Low complexity calls for a history without personal factors or comorbidities affecting the plan, examination of one or two elements, a stable presentation, and low-complexity clinical decision making supported by standardized assessment tools or measurable functional outcomes. An adult with a straightforward musculoskeletal complaint may fit when the documented findings meet these criteria. The therapist uses the findings to establish functional goals and a treatment plan.
Report one unit for the evaluation; approximately 20 minutes face to face is typical, not a billing threshold. Select the level from the documented history, examined elements, presentation, and decision making rather than time or one component alone. Record the findings, assessment measures, goals, and plan of care for physician or nonphysician practitioner certification. Medicare physical therapy claims use modifier GP. This therapy service is billed without separate professional and technical components, so modifier 26 is inappropriate. When multiple therapy units are billed on the same day, the therapy multiple procedure payment reduction reduces practice expense for the second and later units.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
Billing guides for 97161: PT evaluation codes · Physical therapy CPT codes
How Virgin Islands, VI compares for 97161
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 97161 runs from $91.20 in Arkansas to $126.43 in Alaska. Virgin Islands, VI pays $98.37. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Virgin Islands, VI · this page$98.37
- Los Angeles, CA · California$108.30+$9.93
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$108.88+$10.51
- Miami, FL · Florida$100.27+$1.90
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$98.89+$0.52
- Manhattan, NY · New York$108.82+$10.45
- Alaska · Alaska$126.43+$28.06
Other areas in United States Virgin Islands first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $91.96 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $91.20 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $96.39 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $103.14 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $115.60 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $107.57 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $103.17 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $107.07 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $106.63 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $108.29 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $121.47 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $121.46 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $123.74 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $123.69 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $104.99 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $108.70 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $106.80 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $109.76 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $115.58 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $103.01 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $101.36 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $102.51 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $97.53 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $98.73 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $96.00 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $98.82 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $92.95 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $104.04 | — |
| IowaIowa | $93.75 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $94.00 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $94.52 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $94.04 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $99.73 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $94.33 | — |
| KansasKansas | $93.27 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $92.72 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $95.19 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $92.55 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $108.88 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $101.06 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $102.13 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $98.90 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $94.05 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $97.33 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $96.48 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $93.90 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $98.97 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $95.05 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $95.65 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $91.50 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $91.37 | — |
| MontanaMontana | $97.86 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $94.66 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $97.67 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $94.11 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $99.71 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $108.50 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $104.20 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $94.11 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $97.85 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $110.15 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $104.63 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $109.69 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $95.46 | — |
| OhioOhio | $93.86 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $92.86 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $103.72 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $97.58 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $100.74 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $94.07 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $98.37 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $100.33 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $94.31 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $97.64 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $93.52 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $100.60 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $93.69 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $97.79 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $98.10 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $97.64 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $97.90 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $98.08 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $95.48 | — |
| UtahUtah | $95.06 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $96.98 | — |
| VermontVermont | $97.24 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $100.90 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $110.84 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $95.70 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $91.97 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $97.78 | — |
97161 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$91.20
$126.43
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $126.43 | 1 |
| AL | $91.96 | 1 |
| AR | $91.20 | 1 |
| AZ | $96.39 | 1 |
| CA | $103.01–$123.74 | 29 |
| CO | $101.36 | 1 |
| CT | $102.51 | 1 |
| DC | $108.88 | 1 |
| DE | $97.53 | 1 |
| FL | $96.00–$100.27 | 3 |
| GA | $92.95–$98.82 | 2 |
| GU | $104.04 | 1 |
| HI | $104.04 | 1 |
| IA | $93.75 | 1 |
| ID | $94.00 | 1 |
| IL | $94.04–$99.73 | 4 |
| IN | $94.33 | 1 |
| KS | $93.27 | 1 |
| KY | $92.72 | 1 |
| LA | $92.55–$95.19 | 2 |
| MA | $101.06–$108.88 | 2 |
| MD | $98.90–$108.88 | 3 |
| ME | $94.05–$97.33 | 2 |
| MI | $93.90–$96.48 | 2 |
| MN | $98.97 | 1 |
| MO | $91.50–$95.65 | 3 |
| MS | $91.37 | 1 |
| MT | $97.86 | 1 |
| NC | $94.66 | 1 |
| ND | $97.67 | 1 |
| NE | $94.11 | 1 |
| NH | $99.71 | 1 |
| NJ | $104.20–$108.50 | 2 |
| NM | $94.11 | 1 |
| NV | $97.85 | 1 |
| NY | $95.46–$110.15 | 5 |
| OH | $93.86 | 1 |
| OK | $92.86 | 1 |
| OR | $97.58–$103.72 | 2 |
| PA | $94.07–$100.74 | 2 |
| PR | $98.37 | 1 |
| RI | $100.33 | 1 |
| SC | $94.31 | 1 |
| SD | $97.64 | 1 |
| TN | $93.52 | 1 |
| TX | $93.69–$100.60 | 8 |
| UT | $95.06 | 1 |
| VA | $96.98–$108.88 | 2 |
| VI | $98.37 | 1 |
| VT | $97.24 | 1 |
| WA | $100.90–$110.84 | 2 |
| WI | $95.70 | 1 |
| WV | $91.97 | 1 |
| WY | $97.78 | 1 |
How the 97161 rate is calculated
Each of 97161’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 97161
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.54
1.54 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.38
1.38 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.01
0.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
2.9300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$97.86
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Virgin Islands, VI inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
12,877
- Code
- 97161
- Physician work
- 1.54
- Practice expense
- 1.38
- Malpractice
- 0.01
GPCI2026.csv
107
- Locality
- Virgin Islands, VI
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.011
- Malpractice
- 0.985
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.54 | × 1.000 | 1.5400 |
| Practice expense | 1.38 | × 1.011 | 1.3952 |
| Malpractice | 0.01 | × 0.985 | 0.0098 |
| Total RVUs | 2.9450 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Virgin Islands, VI$98.37
Office: (1.54 × 1 + 1.38 × 1.011 + 0.01 × 0.985) × $33.4009 = $98.37
Payment rules and modifiers for 97161
The CMS indicators that decide how 97161 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 97161
PT evaluation, low complexity, typically 20 minutes
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 5 | Therapy reduction: practice expense of the second and later units is reduced. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 7 | Therapy service: the split doesn’t apply. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier CQ · payment effect
With and without the modifier
97161 without CQ · national office
$97.86
PT evaluation, low complexity, typically 20 minutes
97161-CQ · Allowed amount unchanged
$97.86
Medicare cuts its own payment by 15% after the patient’s 20% coinsurance; the allowed amount stays the same. On $100 allowed: $20 coinsurance, then Medicare pays $68 instead of $80.
How 97161 has changed in Virgin Islands, VI
97161 · Office / nonfacility
$98.37
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $0.06 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $98.31 to $98.37 (0.1%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$98.31changed to$98.37
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Practice expense RVU 1.45 changed to 1.38
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.01
- Practice expense GPCI 1.007 changed to 1.011
- Malpractice GPCI 0.982 changed to 0.985
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$100.50changed to$98.31
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 1.43 changed to 1.45
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$98.86changed to$100.50
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$102.02changed to$98.86
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 1.42 changed to 1.43
- Practice expense GPCI 1.008 changed to 1.007
- Malpractice GPCI 0.984 changed to 0.982
October 1, 2023
RVU23D
$101.66changed to$102.02
- Practice expense GPCI 1.000 changed to 1.008
- Malpractice GPCI 1.000 changed to 0.984
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$102.77changed to$101.66
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 1.35 changed to 1.42
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.04
- Practice expense GPCI 1.008 changed to 1.000
- Malpractice GPCI 0.986 changed to 1.000
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$102.23changed to$102.77
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 1.33 changed to 1.35
- Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.07
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$88.02changed to$102.23
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Work RVU 1.20 changed to 1.54
- Practice expense RVU 1.18 changed to 1.33
- Malpractice GPCI 0.988 changed to 0.986
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$86.77changed to$88.02
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 1.15 changed to 1.18
- Practice expense GPCI 1.007 changed to 1.008
- Malpractice GPCI 0.990 changed to 0.988
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$85.95changed to$86.77
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 1.13 changed to 1.15
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$82.73changed to$85.95
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 1.00 changed to 1.13
- Malpractice RVU 0.10 changed to 0.05
- Practice expense GPCI 1.006 changed to 1.007
- Malpractice GPCI 0.993 changed to 0.990
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
April 1, 2017
RVU17B
$82.01changed to$82.73
- Practice expense RVU 0.98 changed to 1.00
Held through RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
No ratechanged to$82.01
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $98.37 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $98.37 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $98.37 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $98.37 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $98.31 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $98.31 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $98.31 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $98.31 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $100.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $100.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $100.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $100.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $98.86 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $102.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $101.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $101.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $101.66 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $102.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $102.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $102.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $102.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $102.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $102.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $102.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $102.23 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $88.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $88.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $88.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $88.02 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $86.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $86.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $86.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $86.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $85.95 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $85.95 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $85.95 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $85.95 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $82.73 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $82.73 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $82.73 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $82.01 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13AR |
Where the Virgin Islands, VI rate applies
Virgin Islands, VI is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 10 cities and communities in United States Virgin Islands. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Charlotte Amalie
- Charlotte Amalie East
- Charlotte Amalie West
- Christiansted
- Coral Bay
- Cruz Bay
- Frederiksted
- Frederiksted Southeast
97161 billing questions
How do I choose between 97161, 97162, and 97163?
Compare the documented history, examination, clinical presentation, and decision making with the requirements for each level. Do not choose a level from time or one component alone; 97162 generally involves personal factors or comorbidities affecting care, a broader exam, and an evolving presentation.
Do I bill time units for 97161?
No. Report one unit for the evaluation. The approximately 20-minute face-to-face time is typical, not a minimum that must be met.
Can treatment be billed on the same day as the evaluation?
Yes. Therapeutic exercise or manual therapy can be reported separately when the treatment is distinct from the evaluation and its time is documented. The therapy multiple procedure payment reduction affects practice expense for the second and later therapy units that day.
Which modifier is used for a Medicare physical therapy evaluation?
Use GP to identify the service as furnished under a physical therapy plan of care. Do not use modifier 26; this therapy service is not divided into separately billed professional and technical components.
When should 97164 be used instead?
Use 97164 to re-evaluate a patient under an established physical therapy plan of care, such as after a significant change in status. Use an initial evaluation code when a new episode requires an initial assessment and plan.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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