CPT code 97165: OT evaluation, low complexity2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Virginia
Report 97165 for a low-complexity occupational therapy evaluation assessing functional performance and establishing or updating the patient’s therapy plan.
In Virginia, Medicare pays $99.61 for 97165 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 97165 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 97165 covers
An occupational therapist evaluates how a patient performs daily activities, such as dressing, bathing, cooking, or using the hands for work and self-care. The therapist gathers a focused occupational profile and relevant medical or therapy history, identifies performance problems, and determines whether skilled occupational therapy is appropriate. Evaluations commonly take place in outpatient clinics, rehabilitation settings, or other locations where occupational therapy is provided.
Choose this level when the evaluation involves low-complexity clinical decision making, a limited number of performance deficits, and few needed modifications to the assessment. Document the profile and history reviewed, functional findings, clinical reasoning, and resulting plan of care. The code identifies an evaluation service, not a unit selected by elapsed treatment time. Medicare treats it as a therapy service rather than separate professional and technical claims. When multiple therapy services are furnished on the same day, practice expense is reduced for the second and later therapy units.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Virginia compares for 97165
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 97165 runs from $93.50 in Arkansas to $129.28 in Alaska. Virginia pays $99.61. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Virginia · this page$99.61
- Los Angeles, CA · California$111.46+$11.85
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$112.03+$12.42
- Miami, FL · Florida$103.05+$3.44
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$101.57+$1.96
- Manhattan, NY · New York$111.92+$12.31
- Alaska · Alaska$129.28+$29.67
Other areas in Virginia first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $94.30 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $93.50 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $98.98 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $106.06 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $119.12 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $110.73 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $106.09 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $110.18 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $109.73 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $111.48 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $125.24 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $125.22 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $127.59 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $127.55 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $108.03 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $111.95 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $109.92 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $113.04 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $119.10 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $105.94 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $104.20 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $105.39 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $100.17 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $101.44 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $98.56 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $101.54 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $95.33 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $107.08 | — |
| IowaIowa | $96.19 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $96.46 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $96.97 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $96.48 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $102.47 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $96.81 | — |
| KansasKansas | $95.69 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $95.10 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $97.70 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $94.91 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $112.07 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $103.88 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $105.00 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $101.61 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $96.51 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $99.97 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $99.06 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $96.34 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $101.72 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $97.55 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $98.20 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $93.80 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $93.67 | — |
| MontanaMontana | $100.54 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $97.15 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $100.34 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $96.57 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $102.49 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $111.60 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $107.11 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $96.56 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $100.53 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $113.33 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $107.55 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $112.85 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $98.00 | — |
| OhioOhio | $96.30 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $95.24 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $106.69 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $100.24 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $103.53 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $96.52 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $101.07 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $103.09 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $96.78 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $100.31 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $95.94 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $103.43 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $96.12 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $100.44 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $100.76 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $100.27 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $100.55 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $100.73 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $98.02 | — |
| UtahUtah | $97.58 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $101.07 | — |
| VermontVermont | $99.88 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $103.71 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $114.12 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $98.26 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $94.29 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $100.45 | — |
97165 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$93.50
$129.28
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $129.28 | 1 |
| AL | $94.30 | 1 |
| AR | $93.50 | 1 |
| AZ | $98.98 | 1 |
| CA | $105.94–$127.59 | 29 |
| CO | $104.20 | 1 |
| CT | $105.39 | 1 |
| DC | $112.03 | 1 |
| DE | $100.17 | 1 |
| FL | $98.56–$103.05 | 3 |
| GA | $95.33–$101.54 | 2 |
| GU | $107.08 | 1 |
| HI | $107.08 | 1 |
| IA | $96.19 | 1 |
| ID | $96.46 | 1 |
| IL | $96.48–$102.47 | 4 |
| IN | $96.81 | 1 |
| KS | $95.69 | 1 |
| KY | $95.10 | 1 |
| LA | $94.91–$97.70 | 2 |
| MA | $103.88–$112.07 | 2 |
| MD | $101.61–$112.03 | 3 |
| ME | $96.51–$99.97 | 2 |
| MI | $96.34–$99.06 | 2 |
| MN | $101.72 | 1 |
| MO | $93.80–$98.20 | 3 |
| MS | $93.67 | 1 |
| MT | $100.54 | 1 |
| NC | $97.15 | 1 |
| ND | $100.34 | 1 |
| NE | $96.57 | 1 |
| NH | $102.49 | 1 |
| NJ | $107.11–$111.60 | 2 |
| NM | $96.56 | 1 |
| NV | $100.53 | 1 |
| NY | $98.00–$113.33 | 5 |
| OH | $96.30 | 1 |
| OK | $95.24 | 1 |
| OR | $100.24–$106.69 | 2 |
| PA | $96.52–$103.53 | 2 |
| PR | $101.07 | 1 |
| RI | $103.09 | 1 |
| SC | $96.78 | 1 |
| SD | $100.31 | 1 |
| TN | $95.94 | 1 |
| TX | $96.12–$103.43 | 8 |
| UT | $97.58 | 1 |
| VA | $99.61–$112.03 | 2 |
| VI | $101.07 | 1 |
| VT | $99.88 | 1 |
| WA | $103.71–$114.12 | 2 |
| WI | $98.26 | 1 |
| WV | $94.29 | 1 |
| WY | $100.45 | 1 |
How the 97165 rate is calculated
Each of 97165’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 97165
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.54
1.54 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.46
1.46 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.01
0.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.0100
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$100.54
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Virginia inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
12,881
- Code
- 97165
- Physician work
- 1.54
- Practice expense
- 1.46
- Malpractice
- 0.01
GPCI2026.csv
106
- Locality
- Virginia
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.983
- Malpractice
- 0.706
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.54 | × 1.000 | 1.5400 |
| Practice expense | 1.46 | × 0.983 | 1.4352 |
| Malpractice | 0.01 | × 0.706 | 0.0071 |
| Total RVUs | 2.9822 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Virginia$99.61
Office: (1.54 × 1 + 1.46 × 0.983 + 0.01 × 0.706) × $33.4009 = $99.61
Payment rules and modifiers for 97165
The CMS indicators that decide how 97165 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 97165
OT evaluation, low complexity
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 5 | Therapy reduction: practice expense of the second and later units is reduced. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 7 | Therapy service: the split doesn’t apply. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier CQ · payment effect
With and without the modifier
97165 without CQ · national office
$100.54
OT evaluation, low complexity
97165-CQ · Allowed amount unchanged
$100.54
Medicare cuts its own payment by 15% after the patient’s 20% coinsurance; the allowed amount stays the same. On $100 allowed: $20 coinsurance, then Medicare pays $68 instead of $80.
How 97165 has changed in Virginia
97165 · Office / nonfacility
$99.61
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $0.02 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $99.59 to $99.61 (0.0%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$99.59changed to$99.61
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Practice expense RVU 1.53 changed to 1.46
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.01
- Work GPCI 1.002 changed to 1.000
- Practice expense GPCI 0.984 changed to 0.983
- Malpractice GPCI 0.755 changed to 0.706
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$100.19changed to$99.59
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 1.46 changed to 1.53
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$98.56changed to$100.19
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$100.94changed to$98.56
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 1.42 changed to 1.46
- Work GPCI 1.000 changed to 1.002
- Practice expense GPCI 0.990 changed to 0.984
- Malpractice GPCI 0.826 changed to 0.755
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$102.64changed to$100.94
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 1.37 changed to 1.42
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.04
- Practice expense GPCI 0.995 changed to 0.990
- Malpractice GPCI 0.897 changed to 0.826
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$98.35changed to$102.64
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 1.24 changed to 1.37
- Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.07
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$92.50changed to$98.35
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Work RVU 1.20 changed to 1.54
- Practice expense RVU 1.33 changed to 1.24
- Practice expense GPCI 0.991 changed to 0.995
- Malpractice GPCI 0.903 changed to 0.897
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$92.14changed to$92.50
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense GPCI 0.986 changed to 0.991
- Malpractice GPCI 0.908 changed to 0.903
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$91.69changed to$92.14
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 1.32 changed to 1.33
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$92.84changed to$91.69
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Malpractice RVU 0.10 changed to 0.05
- Practice expense GPCI 0.985 changed to 0.986
- Malpractice GPCI 0.866 changed to 0.908
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
April 1, 2017
RVU17B
$78.34changed to$92.84
- Practice expense RVU 0.91 changed to 1.32
Held through RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
No ratechanged to$78.34
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $99.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $99.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $99.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $99.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $99.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $99.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $99.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $99.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $100.19 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $100.19 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $100.19 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $100.19 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $98.56 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $100.94 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $100.94 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $100.94 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $100.94 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $102.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $102.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $102.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $102.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $98.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $98.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $98.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $98.35 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $92.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $92.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $92.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $92.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $92.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $92.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $92.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $92.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $91.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $91.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $91.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $91.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $92.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $92.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $92.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $78.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13AR |
Where the Virginia rate applies
Virginia is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 628 cities and communities in Virginia. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abbs Valley
- Abingdon
- Accomac
- Adwolf
- Afton
- Alberta
- Aldie
- Allison Gap
97165 billing questions
How is 97165 different from 97166?
Use 97165 when the evaluation supports low-complexity decision making, limited performance deficits, and few assessment modifications. The moderate-complexity level, 97166, reflects greater evaluation complexity.
Is 97165 selected by the number of minutes spent?
No. Select the level from the evaluation’s complexity and documented findings; the code’s stated time is not a threshold for choosing 97165.
Can an occupational therapist bill treatment on the evaluation date too?
Distinct treatment services may be reported when separately furnished and documented. Medicare’s therapy multiple procedure payment reduction lowers practice expense for the second and later therapy units that day.
Should modifier 26 be appended to 97165?
No. Medicare treats 97165 as a therapy service, not as separate professional and technical components.
What documentation supports the low-complexity level?
Record the occupational profile and history reviewed, functional performance deficits found, clinical decision making, any assessment modifications, and the plan of care.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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