CPT code 99231: Subsequent hospital visit, straightforward or low MDM, 25 minutes2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Rhode Island
Report a subsequent hospital inpatient or observation visit when medical decision making is straightforward or low, or practitioner time reaches 25 minutes.
In Rhode Island, Medicare pays $44.70 for 99231 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 99231 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 99231 covers
Physicians and qualified health care professionals, including hospitalists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and consulting specialists, use this level for later inpatient or observation visits during a hospital stay. A rounding visit may involve checking interval symptoms, reviewing new laboratory results, and continuing or adjusting the care plan. The level depends on documented medical decision making or practitioner time, not simply whether the patient appears stable or the encounter is brief.
Report 99231 for straightforward or low medical decision making, or when the billing practitioner spends at least 25 minutes on the date of service. Medical decision making is determined from the problems addressed, data reviewed or analyzed, and management risk; two of those three elements must support the selected level. Count qualifying same-day practitioner time, including work away from the bedside, but exclude time spent on separately reported services. Document the assessment and plan, medically appropriate history and examination when performed, and total time if selecting by time. Initial care and discharge management have separate codes; another practitioner may report a medically necessary subsequent visit on the discharge date.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Rhode Island compares for 99231
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 99231 runs from $41.66 in Arkansas to $60.11 in Alaska. Rhode Island pays $44.70. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Rhode Island · this page$44.70
- Los Angeles, CA · California$46.03+$1.33
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$47.62+$2.92
- Miami, FL · Florida$48.50+$3.80
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$47.82+$3.12
- Manhattan, NY · New York$49.09+$4.39
- Alaska · Alaska$60.11+$15.41
Other areas in Rhode Island first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $41.93 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $41.66 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $43.46 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $44.45 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $44.20 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $47.43 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $45.48 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $45.07 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $45.36 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $45.16 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $45.44 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $49.10 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $49.01 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $50.07 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $49.70 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $44.53 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $45.27 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $45.12 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $45.68 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $47.30 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $44.19 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $44.42 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $45.94 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $43.89 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $46.35 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $45.08 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $44.85 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $43.74 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $44.06 |
| IowaIowa | — | $41.80 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $42.04 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $46.16 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $44.90 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $46.60 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $42.13 |
| KansasKansas | — | $41.99 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $42.97 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $43.98 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $43.06 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $46.72 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $44.51 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $45.84 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $44.30 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $42.44 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $43.03 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $45.64 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $43.74 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $42.44 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $43.54 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $43.71 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $42.91 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $42.28 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $44.08 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $42.59 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $42.50 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $41.81 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $44.08 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $47.66 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $46.42 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $43.96 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $43.65 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $50.03 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $46.91 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $48.87 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $42.89 |
| OhioOhio | — | $43.41 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $42.64 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $44.83 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $43.26 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $45.53 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $43.28 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $44.14 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $43.08 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $42.31 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $42.12 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $44.32 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $43.18 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $43.70 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $43.98 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $43.93 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $43.84 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $45.30 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $43.42 |
| UtahUtah | — | $43.34 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $43.17 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $44.14 |
| VermontVermont | — | $42.69 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $44.31 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $47.09 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $41.90 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $44.19 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $43.39 |
99231 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 99231 rate is calculated
Each of 99231’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 99231
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.00
1.00 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense0.24
0.24 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.08
0.08 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
1.3200
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$44.09
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Rhode Island inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
13,021
- Code
- 99231
- Physician work
- 1.00
- Practice expense
- 0.24
- Malpractice
- 0.08
GPCI2026.csv
92
- Locality
- Rhode Island
- Physician work
- 1.019
- Practice expense
- 1.033
- Malpractice
- 0.892
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.00 | × 1.019 | 1.0190 |
| Practice expense | 0.24 | × 1.033 | 0.2479 |
| Malpractice | 0.08 | × 0.892 | 0.0714 |
| Total RVUs | 1.3383 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Rhode Island$44.70
Facility: (1 × 1.019 + 0.24 × 1.033 + 0.08 × 0.892) × $33.4009 = $44.70
Payment rules and modifiers for 99231
99231 has no global surgery period, no multiple-procedure, bilateral or assistant-at-surgery adjustment, and no professional/technical split. What changes the payment is where the service happens: the place of service on the claim decides whether Medicare pays the office or the facility rate.
Place of service · 99231
Which rate does Medicare pay?
The POS code on the claim line (CMS-1500 box 24B).
POS 11 · non-facility rate · national
—
99231 isn’t priced in this setting.
How 99231 has changed in Rhode Island
99231 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $44.70 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $44.70 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $44.70 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $44.70 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $48.12 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $48.12 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $48.12 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $48.12 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $49.81 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $49.81 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $49.81 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $49.81 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $48.99 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $50.86 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $50.86 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $50.86 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $50.86 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.75 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.75 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.75 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.75 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.39 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.39 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.39 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $39.39 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.21 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.21 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.21 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.21 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.26 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.26 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.26 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.26 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.22 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.22 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.22 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $41.22 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.80 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.80 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.80 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.80 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.37 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.37 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.37 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.37 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.25 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.25 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.05 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.05 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.45 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.45 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.45 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $40.45 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13AR |
Where the Rhode Island rate applies
Rhode Island is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 36 cities and communities in Rhode Island. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Ashaway
- Bradford
- Carolina
- Central Falls
- Charlestown
- Chepachet
- Clayville
- Cranston
99231 billing questions
How do I decide between 99231 and 99232?
Select 99231 for straightforward or low medical decision making, or at least 25 minutes of total practitioner time. Moderate medical decision making or at least 35 minutes supports 99232.
Can 99231 be reported for observation patients?
Yes. The subsequent hospital care codes cover both inpatient and observation status; the former separate subsequent observation codes were deleted in 2023.
Can 99231 be reported on the day of discharge?
The practitioner managing discharge reports discharge management rather than a subsequent visit for that work. Another practitioner may report 99231 for a medically necessary subsequent visit on the discharge date when its level is supported.
What counts toward the 25-minute time threshold?
Count the billing practitioner's qualifying time on the date of the visit, including reviewing results, examining the patient, documenting, and communicating with the care team. Exclude time spent on separately reported services.
How are split or shared visits with an NP or PA billed to Medicare?
For a facility visit shared by a physician and an NP or PA in the same group, the practitioner who performs the substantive portion bills 99231 with modifier FS. The substantive portion is more than half the total distinct time or the substantive part of medical decision making.
Can a consultant use 99231 for follow-up visits?
Yes. After a consultant's initial inpatient or observation visit, a later medically necessary visit may be reported with 99231 when its level is supported. Medicare uses initial hospital care codes, rather than consultation codes, for the consultant's initial visit.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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