Billing code 28660: Toe dislocationMedicare rate & RVUs
Reports closed treatment of a single toe interphalangeal joint dislocation when the clinician treats it without anesthesia and without percutaneous fixation.
Medicare pays $149.30 for 28660 nationally in the office and $100.87 in a hospital or facility. Local office rates run $131.26–$193.87.
Medicare rate · 28660
Toe dislocation
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
- Work RVUs
- 1.25
- Total RVUs
- 4.47
- Global days
- 010
National rate · 2026
$149.30
Office setting, before claim adjustments.
See every locality for 28660 → · Billed by an NP, PA or therapist? →
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 10 sections
What 28660 covers
This code describes closed treatment of one dislocated toe interphalangeal joint without anesthesia. A physician, podiatrist, or other qualified clinician may reduce the joint and provide immediate stabilization, such as taping or splinting, in an emergency department, office, or facility. It is distinct from treatment of a metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation, which involves the toe’s joint with the foot.
Select the code when the record supports a single interphalangeal dislocation treated closed without anesthesia; document the joint, dislocation, treatment method, and whether anesthesia or percutaneous fixation was used. Medicare includes related postoperative visits during the 10-day global period. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this descriptor. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this procedure, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
Where 28660 pays more and less
The same RVUs, adjusted for each area’s costs. Open a locality for its calculation, history and nearby areas.
109 payment localities
$131.26 to $193.87
109 of 109 payment localities
28660 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
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Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$131.26
$174.77
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $172.88 | 1 |
| AL | $133.28 | 1 |
| AR | $131.26 | 1 |
| AZ | $145.02 | 1 |
| CA | $155.66–$193.87 | 29 |
| CO | $154.32 | 1 |
| CT | $159.53 | 1 |
| DC | $170.16 | 1 |
| DE | $147.48 | 1 |
| FL | $149.14–$166.14 | 3 |
| GA | $140.19–$152.69 | 2 |
| GU | $159.38 | 1 |
| HI | $159.38 | 1 |
| IA | $135.83 | 1 |
| ID | $136.97 | 1 |
| IL | $145.37–$160.90 | 4 |
| IN | $137.77 | 1 |
| KS | $135.64 | 1 |
| KY | $137.58 | 1 |
| LA | $137.54–$144.58 | 2 |
| MA | $153.53–$169.34 | 2 |
| MD | $150.23–$170.16 | 3 |
| ME | $138.21–$145.33 | 2 |
| MI | $141.75–$151.56 | 2 |
| MN | $146.30 | 1 |
| MO | $135.40–$144.56 | 3 |
| MS | $133.33 | 1 |
| MT | $149.29 | 1 |
| NC | $139.64 | 1 |
| ND | $144.34 | 1 |
| NE | $136.47 | 1 |
| NH | $152.33 | 1 |
| NJ | $160.91–$168.37 | 2 |
| NM | $142.75 | 1 |
| NV | $148.01 | 1 |
| NY | $141.86–$177.88 | 5 |
| OH | $140.74 | 1 |
| OK | $136.83 | 1 |
| OR | $146.43–$158.84 | 2 |
| PA | $140.71–$155.73 | 2 |
| PR | $150.27 | 1 |
| RI | $152.47 | 1 |
| SC | $140.51 | 1 |
| SD | $143.76 | 1 |
| TN | $136.41 | 1 |
| TX | $139.78–$154.19 | 8 |
| UT | $142.50 | 1 |
| VA | $145.16–$170.16 | 2 |
| VI | $150.27 | 1 |
| VT | $144.19 | 1 |
| WA | $153.11–$172.38 | 2 |
| WI | $139.36 | 1 |
| WV | $139.91 | 1 |
| WY | $147.13 | 1 |
How the 28660 rate is calculated
Each of 28660’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 28660
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
Work 1.25Practice expense 2.97Malpractice 0.25
All indexes start at 1.000 (the national rate). Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
Payment rules and modifiers for 28660
28660 has a 10-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 28660
Toe dislocation
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 010 | Minor procedure: the day of the procedure plus 10 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.80/0.10 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 28660
Toe dislocation
10-day global period ends
Oct 11, 2026
Covers Oct 1, 2026 through Oct 11, 2026 (11 days).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
After the global period ends: visits and procedures are billed normally.
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
28660 without 51 · national office
$149.30
Toe dislocation
28660-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$74.65
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
28660 compared with similar codes
Compare codes
28660 vs 28665 vs 28666 vs 28630 vs 28675: national Medicare rates
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
How to choose
- 28665Toe dislocation
- Both describe closed treatment of a single toe interphalangeal dislocation; 28665 is selected when anesthesia is used, while 28660 is for treatment without anesthesia.
- 28666Toe reduction
- Use 28666 when percutaneous skeletal fixation accompanies closed treatment. 28660 describes closed treatment without that fixation.
- 28630Toe dislocation
- 28630 concerns a metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation treated without anesthesia. 28660 is for an interphalangeal joint dislocation.
- 28675Toe dislocation repair
- 28675 describes open treatment of a toe interphalangeal dislocation; 28660 is for closed treatment without anesthesia.
28660 billing questions
How does 28660 differ from 28665?
28660 is for closed treatment of a single toe interphalangeal dislocation without anesthesia. Use 28665 when anesthesia is used.
When is 28666 more appropriate?
Use 28666 when closed treatment of the interphalangeal dislocation includes percutaneous skeletal fixation. 28660 describes treatment without that fixation.
Can modifier 50 be used for dislocations of two toes?
No. CMS identifies modifier 50 as inappropriate for this descriptor and anatomy. Document each treated dislocation and follow applicable coding guidance for multiple injuries.
Are related postoperative visits separately billable?
Related postoperative visits during the 10-day global period are included in the procedure.
What documentation supports 28660?
Document the single interphalangeal joint involved, the dislocation, closed treatment, and that treatment was performed without anesthesia or percutaneous fixation.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this procedure. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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