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CPT code 78111: Plasma volume, multiple sampling2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Connecticut

Nuclear medicine measurement of circulating plasma volume using multiple blood samples, reported when serial sampling is used to assess a suspected blood-volume abnormality.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality348 Medicare services in 2024

In Connecticut, Medicare pays $104.14 for 78111 in the office.

$104.14Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
+7.5%vs the national office rate ($96.86)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 78111 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 78111 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Connecticut
  2. What 78111 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 78111 covers

This study measures circulating plasma volume through tracer administration followed by collection and analysis of multiple blood samples. It may be used when a clinician needs to assess plasma-volume expansion or depletion, including in the evaluation of an apparent red-cell concentration abnormality. Nuclear medicine staff typically perform the technical work in a hospital setting, while a qualified physician interprets the study and reports the findings.

Choose this code when the plasma-volume study uses multiple samples; the single-sampling service is a different code. Documentation should identify the clinical reason for the study, the sampling approach, and the interpretation. Medicare recognizes separate professional and technical components: report modifier 26 for the interpretation, modifier TC for the equipment and staff, or neither modifier for the global service. Medicare’s 2024 claims data show facility services for this code and no office services.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Connecticut compares for 78111

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 78111 runs from $83.62 in Arkansas to $135.83 in San Benito County, CA. Connecticut pays $104.14. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

78111 in Connecticut vs other payment areas
  1. Connecticut · this page$104.14
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$112.73+$8.59
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$113.13+$8.99
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$103.03−$1.11
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$99.52−$4.62
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$112.58+$8.44
  7. Alaska · Alaska$105.35+$1.21

Other areas in Connecticut first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

78111 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$85.12—
ArkansasArkansas$83.62—
ArizonaArizona$93.89—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$104.81—
Chico, CACalifornia$104.67—
El Centro, CACalifornia$104.68—
Fresno, CACalifornia$104.67—
Hanford, CACalifornia$104.67—

78111 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$83.62

$120.25

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
78111 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$105.351
AL$85.121
AR$83.621
AZ$93.891
CA$104.67–$135.8329
CO$102.221
CT$104.141
DC$113.131
DE$95.671
FL$93.82–$103.033
GA$87.66–$98.632
GU$108.241
HI$108.241
IA$88.361
ID$88.931
IL$90.13–$100.584
IN$89.571
KS$87.571
KY$86.931
LA$86.65–$91.892
MA$101.31–$114.072
MD$97.85–$113.133
ME$89.18–$95.452
MI$89.41–$94.922
MN$98.241
MO$84.65–$92.633
MS$84.171
MT$96.861
NC$90.351
ND$95.871
NE$89.031
NH$100.271
NJ$105.42–$111.532
NM$89.881
NV$96.671
NY$91.96–$115.415
OH$89.201
OK$87.061
OR$96.01–$106.342
PA$89.54–$100.932
PR$97.811
RI$99.731
SC$89.911
SD$95.751
TN$88.071
TX$88.81–$101.808
UT$91.401
VA$94.87–$113.132
VI$97.811
VT$95.161
WA$101.23–$116.922
WI$92.001
WV$86.031
WY$96.431

See 78111 in every payment locality

How the 78111 rate is calculated

Each of 78111’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 78111

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.21

0.21 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense2.64

2.64 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.05

0.05 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

2.9000

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$96.86

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Connecticut inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

9,227

Code
78111
Physician work
0.21
Practice expense
2.64
Malpractice
0.05

GPCI2026.csv

38

Locality
Connecticut
Physician work
1.020
Practice expense
1.077
Malpractice
1.210
Office calculation for 78111 in Connecticut
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.21× 1.0200.2142
Practice expense2.64× 1.0772.8433
Malpractice0.05× 1.2100.0605
Total RVUs3.1180
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Connecticut$104.14

Office: (0.21 × 1.02 + 2.64 × 1.077 + 0.05 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $104.14

Open 78111 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 78111

The CMS indicators that decide how 78111 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 78111

Plasma volume, multiple sampling

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures0No multiple-procedure reduction.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical1Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 26 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

78111 without 26 · national office

$96.86

Plasma volume, multiple sampling

78111-26 · Professional component

$10.35

Pays only the interpretation and report.

When to use modifier 26

Codes related to 78111

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 78111
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Connecticut
Same family
78110Plasma volume, single samplePlasma-volume sibling for a study using single rather than multiple sampling.$76.48
Often billed with
78121Red cell mass, multiple determinationsRed-cell mass measurement may accompany plasma-volume measurement in a blood-volume evaluation.$104.67
Used instead
78122Blood volume test, whole blood determinationUsed when the study determines whole blood volume rather than plasma volume alone.$108.43

How 78111 has changed in Connecticut

78111 · Office / nonfacility

$104.14

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $7.40 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $96.74 to $104.14 (7.6%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $96.74changed to$104.14

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 0.22 changed to 0.21
    • Practice expense RVU 2.48 changed to 2.64
    • Work GPCI 1.022 changed to 1.020
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.091 changed to 1.077
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.207 changed to 1.210

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $79.22changed to$96.74

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 1.92 changed to 2.48

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $77.93changed to$79.22

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $81.19changed to$77.93

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Work GPCI 1.030 changed to 1.022
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.102 changed to 1.091
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.070 changed to 1.207

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $83.92changed to$81.19

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 1.93 changed to 1.92
    • Work GPCI 1.037 changed to 1.030
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.114 changed to 1.102
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.934 changed to 1.070

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $84.22changed to$83.92

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 1.92 changed to 1.93

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $84.06changed to$84.22

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 1.85 changed to 1.92
    • Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
    • Work GPCI 1.029 changed to 1.037
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.113 changed to 1.114
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.094 changed to 0.934

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $84.04changed to$84.06

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Work GPCI 1.021 changed to 1.029
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.112 changed to 1.113
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.255 changed to 1.094

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $90.36changed to$84.04

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 2.01 changed to 1.85

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $110.88changed to$90.36

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 2.52 changed to 2.01
    • Work GPCI 1.023 changed to 1.021
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.117 changed to 1.112
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.244 changed to 1.255

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $111.78changed to$110.88

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 2.54 changed to 2.52
    • Work GPCI 1.024 changed to 1.023
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.121 changed to 1.117
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.232 changed to 1.244

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $111.74changed to$111.78

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.04

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $111.18changed to$111.74

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $111.78changed to$111.18

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 2.55 changed to 2.54
    • Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.03
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.116 changed to 1.121
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.234 changed to 1.232

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $95.83changed to$111.78

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 2.29 changed to 2.55
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.110 changed to 1.116
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.235 changed to 1.234

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $95.83

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$104.14Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$104.14Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$104.14Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$104.14Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$96.74Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$96.74Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$96.74Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$96.74Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$79.22Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$79.22Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$79.22Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$79.22Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$77.93Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$81.19Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$81.19Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$81.19Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$81.19Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$83.92Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$83.92Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$83.92Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$83.92Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$84.22Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$84.22Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$84.22Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$84.22Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$84.06Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$84.06Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$84.06Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$84.06Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$84.04Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$84.04Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$84.04Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$84.04Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$90.36Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$90.36Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$90.36Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$90.36Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$110.88Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$110.88Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$110.88Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$110.88Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$111.74Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$111.74Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$111.18Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$111.18Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$111.78Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$95.83Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$95.83Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$95.83Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$95.83Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 78111 for an earlier date of service

Where the Connecticut rate applies

Connecticut is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 215 cities and communities in Connecticut. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Ansonia
  • Ball Pond
  • Baltic
  • Bantam
  • Bethel
  • Bethlehem Village
  • Bigelow Corners
  • Blue Hills

Browse all communities in Connecticut

78111 billing questions

How does this differ from the single-sampling plasma-volume code?

Report 78111 when the study uses multiple blood samples. Use 78110 when the plasma-volume determination uses a single sample.

Which modifier identifies the physician interpretation?

Use modifier 26 for the professional component, which represents interpretation. Modifier TC identifies the technical component.

Can the technical and professional components be billed separately?

Yes. The physician or other billing entity may report the applicable component with modifier 26 or TC; billing without either modifier represents the global service.

What documentation supports reporting the multiple-sample service?

The record should support the clinical reason for measuring plasma volume, document that multiple samples were used, and include the interpretation when the professional component is billed.

How does this differ from a whole blood volume determination?

78111 measures plasma volume using multiple samples. 78122 is used when the requested study determines whole blood volume rather than plasma volume alone.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 78111PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 9,227 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for ConnecticutGPCI2026.csv, line 38 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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